In this study, a diesel vehicle NH₃ emission prediction model based on the fusion framework of Convolutional Neural Network（CNN）and Transformer is proposed. The model was developed by integrating the local feature extraction capability of CNN with the global dependency modeling capability of Transformer, enabling the highly accurate prediction of NH₃ emissions from diesel vehicles under real road driving conditions. The study was conducted based on the actual on-road emissions test data of an N₃-class diesel vehicle. Feature screening was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient method, and the key hyperparameters of the model were optimized through the application of the Bayesian algorithm, which enhanced its performance. Additionally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations（SHAP）algorithm was utilized to identify the pivotal factors influencing NH₃ emissions. The results indicated that the proposed model achieved highly accurate predictions of NH₃ emissions from diesel vehicles in real road driving conditions when tested on an independent dataset. The R², MAE, and MSE values of the predicted NH₃ concentration compared to the actual measured values were 0.986, 0.663, and 2.285, respectively, which were significantly superior to those obtained by the traditional Random Forest（RF）model, the Long Short-Term Memory（LSTM）neural network model, and the Transformer model. This study provided an efficient and reliable method for monitoring NH₃ emissions from in-use diesel vehicles and offered a novel perspective for elucidating the principal factors influencing NH₃ emissions from diesel vehicles on the road.

As one of the major greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the spatial distribution characteristics of Methane（CH₄）were the main content of climate research. However, differences were observed between the methane column concentration（XCH₄）data from multiple satellite sources. A systematic evaluation of these differences was conducted to improve the accuracy of its scientific application. The XCH₄ products obtained by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite（GOSAT）and the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument（TROPOMI）from March 2019 to February 2023 were compared and analyzed, and the Total Carbon Column Observing Network（TCCON）data were used for evaluation. The results showed that the two satellites shared the following common characteristics: XCH₄ was higher near the equator and decreased towards the poles, with XCH₄ values in the northern hemisphere generally being higher than those in the southern hemisphere; In the interannual variation, the fluctuation range in the southern hemisphere was larger, reaching ±15×10^-9; Seasonal variation was characterized by lower values in summer and higher values in winter. The differences were as follows: The data volume of TROPOMI was found to be 1300 times greater than that of GOSAT; The annual average growth rates of GOSAT in North America and Africa（13.08×10^-9/a and 13.92×10^-9/a）were slightly lower than those of TROPOMI（13.34×10^-9/a and 14.12×10^-9/a）, while the interannual amplitude in South America（16.10×10^-9/a）was found to be larger. The XCH₄ difference between the two satellites in summer was found to be the largest, with a measurement of -5.00×10^-9. Verification and analysis with TCCON data showed that both satellites exhibited high consistency, although errors were also observed. Specifically, the differences between TCCON and GOSAT and TROPOMI were -7.61×10^-9（-4.59×10^-9 and -4.63×10^-9 in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively）and -5.03×10^-9（-6.70×10^-9 and 0.18×10^-9 in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively）.

The migration behavior of microplastics in aquatic environments is governed by complex interactions among hydraulic, physical, and material-specific factors. This study integrates hydraulic experiments and force analysis to identify the critical hydraulic parameter thresholds influencing state transitions of different microplastic types in freshwater systems. A Lagrangian particle tracking method is then employed to develop a migration model grounded in well-defined physical principles. This model simulates microplastic trajectories, predicting their ultimate movement states and environmental fate. The model is validated using field data from the urban section of the Jialu River in Zhengzhou, China. Results indicate that 66.79% of microplastics in this section have particle sizes smaller than 0.5mm, with fragmented（31.1%）and fibrous（29.2%）shapes being predominant. Polypropylene（PP）migrates as floating debris with the highest velocity, while polystyrene（PS）and polyamide（PA）particles smaller than 0.5mm migrate as suspended load. In contrast, polyethylene terephthalate（PET）and PA particles larger than 0.5mm migrate as bedload or remain stationary on the riverbed. Under flow rates of 14m³/s and 20m³/s, retention rates of microplastics over 36hours were 43.79%and 47.85%, respectively, with PA and PET constituting the major retained microplastic types. These findings provide valuable insights into the hydrodynamic behavior and environmental fate of microplastics, offering guidance for pollution management in freshwater systems.

This study creates four scenarios for the employment of carbon emission reduction policy tools, depending on whether the two emission reduction policies of carbon trading and carbon tax are engaged. During this process, evolutionary game theory is applied. The stability analysis of the game system has provided a thorough explanation of the influence mechanism and action mechanism of the combination of carbon emission reduction policies on enterprise carbon emission reduction. On this premise, we conduct sensitivity analysis to discover the primary sensitivity elements that influence the game system's path. In the empirical analysis section, we take the case of national carbon trading market construction as the empirical object, simulate the evolution trajectory of the main body of carbon trading and mixed carbon policy use scenario game, deeply analyze the influence degree of key factors on the system, and put forward the dynamic increasing tax rate and dynamic reward and punishment strategy, optimize the carbon emission reduction efficiency improvement strategy of mixed carb. The study found that: when compared to no carbon trading without carbon tax, carbon trading without carbon tax, and no carbon trading with carbon tax, the mixed carbon policy use scenario has the highest carbon emission reduction efficiency. Second, the current construction of China's carbon trading market need further strengthening. The government and businesses have not achieved the optimal state（supervision, carbon emission reduction）. The cost and penalty elements have a clear impact on the game system, however the direction of subsidy factors is unknown. Third, dynamic incentive and punishment schemes are combined with dynamic incremental tax rates in the mixed carbon policy scenario. The system spirals upward and reaches a stable equilibrium position（carbon emission reduction, supervision）, where the optimal reward and punishment scheme is dynamic subsidy-dynamic punishment.

Using florfenicol（FFC）as the target pollutant, schwertmannite and jarosite as catalysts synthesized by the mediation of A.ferrooxidans to investigate their effectiveness in catalyzing Fenton-like reactions for FFC degradation. Initially, the two minerals were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR and BET analysis. Subsequently, the impact of four key variables—mineral dosage,H₂O₂ concentration, pH, and temperature—on FFC degradation was studied. Finally, the degradation mechanism of FFC and the reusability of the minerals were analyzed. The results indicated that the biosynthesized schwertmannite and jarosite were pure minerals, with average particle diameters of approximately 2.5µm and 5.0µm and jarosite exhibiting more noticeable aggregation. The specific surface areas of schwertmannite and jarosite were 116.67m²/g and 87.52m²/g, respectively, with total pore volumes of 0.098cm³/g and 0.065cm³/g and average pore diameters of 2.986nm and 2.867nm. Increasing the mineral dosage enhanced the degradation efficiency of FFC by both minerals. The degradation efficiency of FFC initially increased and then decreased with an increase in the H₂O₂ concentration. Under acidic conditions, both minerals exhibited better degradation effects. The degradation rate increased with rising temperature. Under the combined experimental conditions of a mineral dosage of 10g/L, an H₂O₂ concentration of 200mg/L, an pH of 3.00, and a temperature of 36℃, combined with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry（LC-MS）test results, the degradation mechanism of FFC by the two minerals was inferred as follows: The minerals adsorbed H₂O₂ onto their surfaces, catalyzing its decomposition to produce hydroxyl radicals（·OH）, which oxidized FFC into intermediate products, ultimately leading to inorganic substances. A total of six intermediate products were detected during the Fenton-like reaction, including small organic molecules such as alcohols, aldehydes, or carboxylic acids containing benzene rings, amide groups, or amine groups, as well as methyl phenyl sulfone. After 10cycles of reuse, the crystal structure and functional groups of the two minerals remained unchanged, demonstrating good stability.

The naturally occurring radionuclides in the sinking particle, surface sediments, and sediment cores near the Weizhou Island in the Beibu Gulf were simultaneously analyzed by high purity germanium γ spectrometer in this study. The sinking particle at the west station of the Weizhou Island was mainly attributed to the strong sediment resuspension that was demonstrated by the combined evidences of ⁴⁰K, ²³⁴Th_ex, ⁷Be, and ²³⁸U-²³²Th（²²⁸Ra）-⁴⁰K/10 ternary diagram. Sediment accumulation rates（SAR）of two sediment cores（WZ16and WZ20）at the west stations of the Weizhou Island were calculated to be 1.46×10^-3 and 2.25×10^-3 cm/d using the constant flux and constant sedimentation rate model of excess ²¹⁰Pb. These ²¹⁰Pb derived-sediment accumulation rates were only 0.50% and 0.89% of the sediment sinking rates（295×10^-3 and 252×10^-3 cm/d）derived from sediment trap, quantitatively indicating strong sediment resuspension before the ultimate burial in sediment. Additionally, a high recruitment of coral larvae was observed at the west station with strong sediment resuspension. It was speculated that the strong biogenic sediment resuspension would provide sufficient heterotrophic energy for coral polyps.

Based on the hourly observational data from October to December 2017 in Chengdu, as well as the simultaneous data of atmospheric visibility（V）, relative humidity（RH）and nitrogen dioxide（NO₂）, aerosol hygroscopic growth factor（Gf）was retrieved by Mie scattering theory coupled with immune evolutionary algorithm, and then aerosol hygroscopic parameter κ was calculated by κ-köhler theory, the variation characteristics of aerosol hygroscopic parameter κ and its influencing factors were analyzed during the haze process. The results showed that: The aerosol hygroscopic parameters κ were 0.142±0.092、0.149±0.088、0.191±0.061and 0.200±0.041 under mild, light, moderate and heavy haze intensity conditions respectively. The set of explanatory variables of aerosol hygroscopicity parameter κ was determined, including C_BC, C_BC/C_PM2.5, C_PM1/C_PM2.5 and C_PM2.5/C_PM10（C_BC, C_PM1, C_PM2.5 and C_PM10 represented mass concentrations of BC, PM₁, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ respectively）. There were significant differences in the explanatory power for aerosol hygroscopic parameter κ of each variable as the haze intensities changed. The multifactor GAM model could be well characterized aerosol hygroscopic parameter κ variation（passed the significance test of α=0.001）. As to the above four haze conditions, the corresponding adjusted coefficients of determination（R²）were 0.303, 0.488, 0.504 and 0.631, the coefficients of determination（R²）for the regression of the pressure axis were 0.327, 0.517, 0.558 and 0.739, and the residual sum of squares（RSS）were 1.448, 0.721, 0.209, and 0.025, respectively. The above study revealed the complexity of the multifactorial influence on aerosol hygroscopic parameter κ, and further clarified the intrinsic connection between aerosol hygroscopicity and haze evolution.

In order to further supplement the mechanism of the enhanced coagulation efficiency of the fine bubble co-coagulation process and the potential of the process for engineering applications, this paper investigated the effect of calcium ion concentration response on the enhanced removal of humic acid（HA）by the fine bubble co-coagulation process. The results showed that the fine bubbles could enhance the removal of HA with different calcium ion concentration responses, but the enhancement effect was different with different circulation times. When the cycle time of fine bubbles was kept constant at 1min, the participation of fine bubbles in the coagulation process could enhance the removal efficiency of HA by forcing the hydrolysis of polyaluminum chloride（PACl）, elevating the potential of the solution to the isoelectric potential, and promoting the complexation between HA and Ca²⁺, and the removal efficiency of HA increased with the increase of Ca²⁺ concentration, and the removal efficiency of HA increased about 42% with the increase of Ca²⁺ concentration, and increased about 42% with the increase of Ca²⁺ concentration, and increased about 42% with the increase of Ca²⁺ concentration. The HA removal efficiency increased with increasing Ca²⁺ concentration, up to about 42% compared to the conventional coagulation process without the presence of fine bubbles. In addition, with the extension of the fine bubbles circulation time, the Zeta potential of the solution gradually increased, which affected the enhanced removal efficiency of HA. The above findings provide data and theoretical support for the application of the fine bubble co-coagulation process in engineering practice.

The advanced oxidation technology of persulfate（PDS）activation by CuO have been hotly sought as one of the effective strategies for degrading organic pollutants in water. However, there are still certain issues such as the low efficiency of PDS activation, the small specific surface area of CuO, and the low conversion efficiency of Cu（II）/Cu（I）. Herein, the flake copper oxide（CCB-300）with high activity and large specific surface area（32.8m²/g）was successfully synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal-calcination method. Multiple characterization analysis, such as X-ray powder diffractometry（XRD）, N₂ adsorption-desorption analysis, Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, Transmission electron microscopy（TEM）and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, were utilized to analyze crystal structure, morphology and element composition of CCB-300. Furthermore, the performance of the CCB-300 for degradation of tetracycline（TC）via peroxydisulfate activation under visible light（Vis）was investigated. The findings revealed that the TC removal rate reached 96.9% within 60minutes under the circumstances of 0.05g/L CCB-300, 0.5mmol/L PDS, 50mg/L TC and unadjusted initial pH. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy（EPR）and radical quenching experiments indicated that both ¹O₂ produced by the non-radical pathways and and ⋅OH generated via the radical pathways were involved in the degradation reaction. Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical tests confirmed that CCB-300 exhibited excellent visible light absorption capacity and charge transfer performance. The photogenerated electrons excited by visible light accelerate the redox cycle of Cu（II）/Cu（I）, facilitating the conversion of PDS to and ⋅OH, and further enhancing the efficiency of TC degradation. The repeatable experiments demonstrated that CCB-300exhibited favorable reusability and stability. Finally, the possible reaction mechanism was proposed. This study provided a novel method for tetracycline degradation through synergistic persulfate activation by visible light and heterogeneous catalysts.

In this study, the adsorption and distribution processes of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid（6:2 FTSA）and perfluorohexane sulfonate（PFHxS）in polyamide（PA）microplastics and soil interaction systems were investigated, and the effects of various factors on their adsorption were explored. The results indicated that the adsorption equilibrium time for 6:2 FTSA and PFHxS in the microplastic-soil interaction system（approximately 120 hours）was significantly slower than in individual microplastic and soil systems（approximately 24 hours）. Furthermore, the adsorption equilibrium capacity of 6:2 FTSA（0.044mg/g）and PFHxS（0.173mg/g）in the microplastic-soil interaction system was considerably lower than in PA microplastics alone（6:2FTSA:2.698mg/g;PFHxS: 3.518mg/g）, but slightly higher than in soil alone（6:2FTSA:0.026mg/g;PFHxS: 0.048mg/g）. With the increase of the content of microplastics in soil, the proportion of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS on microplastics gradually increased, especially for PFHxS. From the perspective of microplastics, the interaction with soil altered the surface properties of microplastics. As soil minerals occupied some adsorption sites of microplastics, the adsorption capacity of microplastics for 6:2FTSA and PFHxS was significantly reduced. Conversely, from the soil perspective, the presence of microplastics enhanced the soil's adsorption capacity for 6:2FTSA and PFHxS, with this effect becoming more pronounced as the proportion of microplastics increased, due to the strong adsorption affinity of microplastics for PFAS. In the co-cultivation system of microplastics and soil, although the surface properties of microplastics were modified over time, the overall adsorption of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS by the PA microplastics-soil system was not been significantly altered. These findings suggest that microplastics exert a long-lasting and relatively stable influence on PFAS in soil.