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To deal with problems such as high concentration of arsenic（As）and fluorine（F）in water, along with difficulty in dealing with complex pollution and irrigation utilization, zirconium-aluminum modified biochars were synthesized to study their adsorption efficiency and mechanism of As and F. The study was conducted to explore the impact of initial concentration, adsorption time, pH, and co-existing ions on their adsorption. The combination of SEM, BET, FTIR, and X-ray techniques were applied to characterize and analyze the materials. The results showed that zirconium-aluminum bimetallic modified biochar（ZA-BC）was an excellent mesoporous biochar with a good pore structure, which can rapidly adsorb As and F ions within 6hours. With initial concentrations of 1mg/L for As and 5mg/L for F, and a biochar dosage of 1g/L, As and F removal rates can reach 98.7% and 95.2%. The optimal adsorption pH of As and F by ZA-BC was 4~5, the zero charge point of the material was 9.1. Its adsorption fits the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models within a pH range of 4.0~9.1. ZA-BC adsorbed As and F at 19.62 and 28.70mg/g, respectively, with CO32- most affecting its efficiency. ZA-BC's adsorption of As involved electrostatic attraction and surface complexation, whereas for F, it's primarily electrostatic and ion exchange. The hydroxyl group was vital for adsorption, with metal modifications enhancing the immobilization of As and F via M-OH groups. Comprehensive tests had shown that ZA-BC was a promising adsorbent for removing arsenic and fluoride from water.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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