Using florfenicol（FFC）as the target pollutant, schwertmannite and jarosite as catalysts synthesized by the mediation of A.ferrooxidans to investigate their effectiveness in catalyzing Fenton-like reactions for FFC degradation. Initially, the two minerals were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR and BET analysis. Subsequently, the impact of four key variables—mineral dosage,H₂O₂ concentration, pH, and temperature—on FFC degradation was studied. Finally, the degradation mechanism of FFC and the reusability of the minerals were analyzed. The results indicated that the biosynthesized schwertmannite and jarosite were pure minerals, with average particle diameters of approximately 2.5µm and 5.0µm and jarosite exhibiting more noticeable aggregation. The specific surface areas of schwertmannite and jarosite were 116.67m²/g and 87.52m²/g, respectively, with total pore volumes of 0.098cm³/g and 0.065cm³/g and average pore diameters of 2.986nm and 2.867nm. Increasing the mineral dosage enhanced the degradation efficiency of FFC by both minerals. The degradation efficiency of FFC initially increased and then decreased with an increase in the H₂O₂ concentration. Under acidic conditions, both minerals exhibited better degradation effects. The degradation rate increased with rising temperature. Under the combined experimental conditions of a mineral dosage of 10g/L, an H₂O₂ concentration of 200mg/L, an pH of 3.00, and a temperature of 36℃, combined with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry（LC-MS）test results, the degradation mechanism of FFC by the two minerals was inferred as follows: The minerals adsorbed H₂O₂ onto their surfaces, catalyzing its decomposition to produce hydroxyl radicals（·OH）, which oxidized FFC into intermediate products, ultimately leading to inorganic substances. A total of six intermediate products were detected during the Fenton-like reaction, including small organic molecules such as alcohols, aldehydes, or carboxylic acids containing benzene rings, amide groups, or amine groups, as well as methyl phenyl sulfone. After 10cycles of reuse, the crystal structure and functional groups of the two minerals remained unchanged, demonstrating good stability.

The hydro-chemical characteristics and trophic status of reservoirs are shaped by a combination of natural conditions and anthropogenic effects within the watershed. This study focuses on Xiaowan Reservoir（XW）and Danjiangkou Reservoir（DJK）to analyzes the main ions characteristics and spatial variations of nitrogen（N）and phosphorus（P）nutrients in their water bodies, we identify the primary sources of these ions and interprets the nutrient status of these karst reservoirs, along with the influencing factors. The results show that: The water chemistry of the karst reservoirs is governed by rock weathering, resulting in HCO₃·SO₄-Ca and HCO₃-Ca types for XW and DJK respectively; Both reservoirs exhibit high anthropogenic inputs of SO₄^2-and NO₃^-; In both reservoirs, nitrogen（N）and phosphorus（P）predominant exist in dissolved forms. While no carbon-limitation was observed,N-limitation is evident in XW and P-limitation in DJK, leading to a mesotrophic status in both reservoirs; The stoichiometric ratio of carbon（C）, nitrogen（N）, and phosphorus（P）are the primary factors influencing the comprehensive trophic level index（TLI）of the reservoirs. This is attributed to the karst hydrochemical background and high weathering rates; Under different N and P limiting conditions, the trophic status is affected by various factors, with the C to P ratio-sensitive to rock weathering, climate change, and anthropogenic inputs-emerging as a key determinant of water quality; To optimize the evaluation indices for assessing the trophic state and managing water quality in karst reservoirs under diverse hydrological conditions and functional roles, it is essential to analyze the effects of water chemical characteristics and stoichiometric ratios of biogenic elements on trophic status based on the analysis of nutrient limitations in water bodies.

Ecological restoration of territorial space is a critical measure for advancing the construction of ecological civilization. Precise identification of areas requiring ecological restoration and rational delineation of restoration priorities are fundamental prerequisites for the scientific and orderly promotion of territorial ecological restoration. This paper selected the Shandong Section of the Yellow River Basin as the research area and quantitatively evaluated the risk of ecosystem degradation using the "ecological resilience and human disturbance" framework. An ecological security pattern was constructed through Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis（MSPA）, landscape connectivity assessment, and circuit theory models, identifying key ecological factors such as source areas, corridors, pinch points, and barrier points. By overlaying these factors with ecological degradation risks, the priority levels of restoration areas were determined, and corresponding restoration strategies were formulated. The results indicated that the overall risk of ecological degradation in the study area was high, with high-risk areas exhibiting a zonal radiation distribution centered around each city. The influence of rapid urbanization and the expansion of transportation networks on ecological degradation cannot be overlooked. A total of 27 ecological sources, 71 ecological corridors, 71 ecological pinch points, and 51 ecological barrier points were identified as ecological restoration areas. Overlapping ecological degradation risks, ecological restoration areas were divided into priority restoration, general restoration and ecological conservation, and restoration strategies were proposed in conjunction with the characteristics of different ecological elements and their priority order.

The study utilized filter mud and bagasse as raw materials for the co-hydrothermal carbonization process at 240℃-60min-5:1. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of liquid-phase cycling on the solid-liquid phase products of the co-hydrothermal carbonization process and to elucidate the reaction pathways. The experimental findings demonstrated that liquid-phase cycling significantly enhanced the reaction process of co-hydrothermal carbonization, resulting in substantial improvements in the hydrochar properties. In the liquid-phase cycling process, there was a substantial increase in the hydrochar yield and higher heating value（HHV）, accompanied by a significant decrease in ash content and an increase in microsphere structures on the surface. Following the second cycling, the hydrochar obtained a maximum specific surface area of 31.2m²/g, and the contents of the groups CHX, C-C/C=C, and -C/OR/-C-NR exhibited a tendency to increase, while the contents of C=O/C=N and -COOR decreased significantly; In the liquid-phase products, the contents of organic acids and ketones increased. Concurrently, the proportion of aromatic compounds remarkably rose from 0.31% to 13.75%, and hydrocarbons, amides, and esters decreased. Within the liquid-phase cycle, the acidic environment generated by the accumulation of organic acids served as a catalyst for hydrolysis and other reactions, and simultaneously facilitated the Maillard reaction, which effectively enhanced the degree of aromatization of the hydrochar. Moreover, it was beneficial for fortifying the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the hydrothermal carbon, thereby creating more chemically active sites. Consequently, the hydrochar was bestowed with enhanced adsorption capabilities and its potential for land application was elevated.

In this study, the adsorption and distribution processes of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid（6:2 FTSA）and perfluorohexane sulfonate（PFHxS）in polyamide（PA）microplastics and soil interaction systems were investigated, and the effects of various factors on their adsorption were explored. The results indicated that the adsorption equilibrium time for 6:2 FTSA and PFHxS in the microplastic-soil interaction system（approximately 120 hours）was significantly slower than in individual microplastic and soil systems（approximately 24 hours）. Furthermore, the adsorption equilibrium capacity of 6:2 FTSA（0.044mg/g）and PFHxS（0.173mg/g）in the microplastic-soil interaction system was considerably lower than in PA microplastics alone（6:2FTSA:2.698mg/g;PFHxS: 3.518mg/g）, but slightly higher than in soil alone（6:2FTSA:0.026mg/g;PFHxS: 0.048mg/g）. With the increase of the content of microplastics in soil, the proportion of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS on microplastics gradually increased, especially for PFHxS. From the perspective of microplastics, the interaction with soil altered the surface properties of microplastics. As soil minerals occupied some adsorption sites of microplastics, the adsorption capacity of microplastics for 6:2FTSA and PFHxS was significantly reduced. Conversely, from the soil perspective, the presence of microplastics enhanced the soil's adsorption capacity for 6:2FTSA and PFHxS, with this effect becoming more pronounced as the proportion of microplastics increased, due to the strong adsorption affinity of microplastics for PFAS. In the co-cultivation system of microplastics and soil, although the surface properties of microplastics were modified over time, the overall adsorption of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS by the PA microplastics-soil system was not been significantly altered. These findings suggest that microplastics exert a long-lasting and relatively stable influence on PFAS in soil.

This study creates four scenarios for the employment of carbon emission reduction policy tools, depending on whether the two emission reduction policies of carbon trading and carbon tax are engaged. During this process, evolutionary game theory is applied. The stability analysis of the game system has provided a thorough explanation of the influence mechanism and action mechanism of the combination of carbon emission reduction policies on enterprise carbon emission reduction. On this premise, we conduct sensitivity analysis to discover the primary sensitivity elements that influence the game system's path. In the empirical analysis section, we take the case of national carbon trading market construction as the empirical object, simulate the evolution trajectory of the main body of carbon trading and mixed carbon policy use scenario game, deeply analyze the influence degree of key factors on the system, and put forward the dynamic increasing tax rate and dynamic reward and punishment strategy, optimize the carbon emission reduction efficiency improvement strategy of mixed carb. The study found that: when compared to no carbon trading without carbon tax, carbon trading without carbon tax, and no carbon trading with carbon tax, the mixed carbon policy use scenario has the highest carbon emission reduction efficiency. Second, the current construction of China's carbon trading market need further strengthening. The government and businesses have not achieved the optimal state（supervision, carbon emission reduction）. The cost and penalty elements have a clear impact on the game system, however the direction of subsidy factors is unknown. Third, dynamic incentive and punishment schemes are combined with dynamic incremental tax rates in the mixed carbon policy scenario. The system spirals upward and reaches a stable equilibrium position（carbon emission reduction, supervision）, where the optimal reward and punishment scheme is dynamic subsidy-dynamic punishment.

In this study, a diesel vehicle NH₃ emission prediction model based on the fusion framework of Convolutional Neural Network（CNN）and Transformer is proposed. The model was developed by integrating the local feature extraction capability of CNN with the global dependency modeling capability of Transformer, enabling the highly accurate prediction of NH₃ emissions from diesel vehicles under real road driving conditions. The study was conducted based on the actual on-road emissions test data of an N₃-class diesel vehicle. Feature screening was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient method, and the key hyperparameters of the model were optimized through the application of the Bayesian algorithm, which enhanced its performance. Additionally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations（SHAP）algorithm was utilized to identify the pivotal factors influencing NH₃ emissions. The results indicated that the proposed model achieved highly accurate predictions of NH₃ emissions from diesel vehicles in real road driving conditions when tested on an independent dataset. The R², MAE, and MSE values of the predicted NH₃ concentration compared to the actual measured values were 0.986, 0.663, and 2.285, respectively, which were significantly superior to those obtained by the traditional Random Forest（RF）model, the Long Short-Term Memory（LSTM）neural network model, and the Transformer model. This study provided an efficient and reliable method for monitoring NH₃ emissions from in-use diesel vehicles and offered a novel perspective for elucidating the principal factors influencing NH₃ emissions from diesel vehicles on the road.

In the context of the comprehensive advancement of the green water protection campaign, guiding river chiefs to effectively assume inter-generational responsibilities and promote the ecological sustainability of urban inland rivers is a critical practical challenge. This paper addresses the issues of "difficult inter-generational coordination of river chiefs and limited internal government supervision" within the sustainable governance framework of urban inland rivers. Utilizing evolutionary game theory, we develop a four-player evolutionary game model that includes the previous and next generations of river chiefs, government administrative supervision departments, and the public. By examining the strategic evolution of the system under various influencing factors, we explore how local government administrative supervision departments can collaborate with the public to establish an internal and external dual-layer multi-governance supervision system, thereby encouraging river chiefs to fulfill their inter-generational responsibilities. Our findings indicate that the influence between the two generations of river chiefs is asymmetric over time and space, with the governance strategy of the previous generation having a more significant impact on the next. As comprehensive management costs increase, both generations exhibit a tendency towards negative governance intentions. Reducing the cost-sharing ratio alleviates the burden on the previous generation but hinders the continuity of governance by the next, leading to interruptions in management efforts. Enhanced administrative supervision can accelerate system stabilization, significantly affecting both generations of river chiefs. However, relying solely on increased enforcement without adjusting rewards and penalties will gradually diminish its effectiveness. Changes in performance-based rewards, penalties, and base salaries affect system stability to varying degrees, but base salary adjustments have a limited impact compared to the responsiveness of performance incentives. Although increased public reporting intensity does not significantly alter the strategy choices of the two generations of river chiefs, it does contribute to reducing system stabilization time. This study not only enriches the theoretical understanding of inter-generational responsibilities of government officials and sustainable environmental governance but also provides a theoretical foundation for the sustainable ecological management of urban inland rivers. By analyzing the impact of various factors on the strategic choices of river chiefs across generations, it offers insights into the internal mechanisms of urban inland river ecological governance. Furthermore, it supports local government administrative supervision departments in collaborating with the public to build a dual-layer multi-governance supervision system, facilitating continuous improvements in the ecological environment of urban inland rivers.

As one of the major greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the spatial distribution characteristics of Methane（CH₄）were the main content of climate research. However, differences were observed between the methane column concentration（XCH₄）data from multiple satellite sources. A systematic evaluation of these differences was conducted to improve the accuracy of its scientific application. The XCH₄ products obtained by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite（GOSAT）and the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument（TROPOMI）from March 2019 to February 2023 were compared and analyzed, and the Total Carbon Column Observing Network（TCCON）data were used for evaluation. The results showed that the two satellites shared the following common characteristics: XCH₄ was higher near the equator and decreased towards the poles, with XCH₄ values in the northern hemisphere generally being higher than those in the southern hemisphere; In the interannual variation, the fluctuation range in the southern hemisphere was larger, reaching ±15×10^-9; Seasonal variation was characterized by lower values in summer and higher values in winter. The differences were as follows: The data volume of TROPOMI was found to be 1300 times greater than that of GOSAT; The annual average growth rates of GOSAT in North America and Africa（13.08×10^-9/a and 13.92×10^-9/a）were slightly lower than those of TROPOMI（13.34×10^-9/a and 14.12×10^-9/a）, while the interannual amplitude in South America（16.10×10^-9/a）was found to be larger. The XCH₄ difference between the two satellites in summer was found to be the largest, with a measurement of -5.00×10^-9. Verification and analysis with TCCON data showed that both satellites exhibited high consistency, although errors were also observed. Specifically, the differences between TCCON and GOSAT and TROPOMI were -7.61×10^-9（-4.59×10^-9 and -4.63×10^-9 in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively）and -5.03×10^-9（-6.70×10^-9 and 0.18×10^-9 in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively）.

This paper optimized the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index model（CWQI）and established two improved models: the improved comprehensive water quality identification index model based on game theory（ICWQI_G）, which considered both subjective weight and objective weight, and the improved comprehensive water quality identification index model with phased period combination weights（ICWQI_P）, which incorporated the variation of weight time. Taking Qionghai Lake as a case, the water quality monitoring data of 11 sampling sites in different hydrological periods from 2020 to 2023 were selected to evaluate the water quality of Qionghai Lake using ICWQI_G and ICWQI_P models, which could verify the scientific validity of the improved comprehensive water quality identification index method. The results show that, compared with the traditional CWQI model, the improved ICWQI_G and ICWQI_P models both take into account the factor of TP exceedance. The evaluation results could better reflect the actual water quality of the study area, and sensitively identify more pollution risk areas and severely polluted water bodies.ICWQI_P used phased weights instead of uniform weights, compensating the effect of environmental factors such as such as precipitation on the weight of water quality. This could better identify the key environmental variables affecting water quality in different periods, leading to more accurate and reasonable results. At the same time, based on the improved comprehensive water quality identification index method, it was found that the water quality of Qionghai Lake in 2023 was worse than that in 2020~2022. The pollution degree of the northwestern lake area was higher than that in the eastern and southern lake area. The improved ICWQI_G and ICWQI_P models showed better rationality in the water quality assessment of the Qionghai Lake, providing theoretical support for the refined management of the lake’s ecological environment, and offering important reference value for water quality assessment of other similar water bodies.