In this study, the degradation efficiency and mechanism of oxytetracycline（OTC）in the Fe（Ⅲ）/peracetic acid（PAA）system were investigated, and the effects of initial pH, reagents dosage and water components on OTC degradation were also explored. The results suggested that in the degradation of OTC by Fe（Ⅲ）/PAA system, Fe（Ⅲ）complexed with OTC to form Fe（Ⅲ）-OTC complex, which reduced Fe（Ⅲ）to Fe（II）through internal electron transfer. Subsequently, the generated Fe（II）catalyzed PAA to produce reactive species, thus accelerating the degradation of OTC. The results of chemical probe and radical quenching experiments showed that organic radicals（CH₃C（O）O^• and CH₃C（O）OO^•）, HO^• and Fe（IV）played major roles for the degradation of OTC in Fe（III）/PAA system. Acidic conditions were beneficial to the degradation of OTC in this system, while the removal of OTC under neutral and weakly alkaline conditions was mainly due to the PAA oxidation. The removal efficiency of OTC increased gradually with the increase of PAA or Fe（Ⅲ）dosage, but their excess concentration would inhibit OTC degradation. The presence of Cl^- and natural organic matter in Fe（Ⅲ）/PAA systeminhibited the degradation of OTC, while NO₃^-, SO₄^2- and HCO₃^- had little effect on OTC removal. The Fe（Ⅲ）/PAA system also ha d a good treatment effect on the other tetracycline pollutants.

A CN-supported Mn₃O₄（Mn₃O₄-CN）composite was synthesized as a catalyst for the catalytic ozonation of 2,3-dimethylpyrazine degradation in wastewater. The catalytic efficiencies of 2, 3-dimethylpyrazine were investigated under various ozone dosages, catalyst dosages, pH and temperature conditions. The results showed that under the conditions of an ozone dosage of 3mg/L, a catalyst dosage of 0.02g/L, pH =7 and a temperature of 10℃, the degradation rate of pollutants reached 100% within 20 min. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and other characterization methods were used to analyze the properties of the prepared Mn₃O₄-CN. It was confirmed that Mn₃O₄ and CN were successfully bonded, and the valence states of Mn were mostly +2 and +3. The reactive oxygen species analysis demonstrated that the surface hydroxyl groups and oxygen vacancies were identified as the main active sites, and ⋅OH was the main active oxygen species generated in the reaction system. The cyclic experiments showed that the Mn₃O₄-CN has good stability and reusability.

A year-long study was conducted in Taihu Lake with the objective of investigate the diffusive fluxes of methane（CH₄）across the sediment-water interface in different ecological zones, namely the algal bloom zone, the macrophyte zone, and the open water zone. The CH₄ concentrations in the sediment porewaters and the relevant fluxes at the sediment-water interface from different ecological zones of the lake were analyzed and evaluated. Results showed that CH₄ concentrations in porewaters increased with the sediment depth. The CH₄ concentrations in the open water zone were found significantly lower than that in the other zones. The organic carbon was identified as the key factor driving the spatial and temporal variations of CH₄. The mean diffusive fluxes of CH₄ across the sediment-water interface were 122.56±32.2, 108.75±23.8, and 3.36±0.6 µmol/（m²·d）in the algal bloom zone, the macrophyte zone, and the open water zone, respectively, with the open water zone showing the significantly lower fluxes. Seasonal variations of CH₄ fluxes were observed in the lake while the fluxes were significantly higher in the spring and the summer than the other two seasons. The regression result showed that the CH₄ flux was strongly influenced by the CH₄ concentration in the porewater and the sediment porosity. Our study also demonstrated that algal blooms and macrophyte reproductions enhanced CH₄ concentrations in porewaters and significantly increased the diffusive CH₄ fluxes across the sediment-water interface in Lake Taihu.

In order to identify the pollution characteristics and carcinogenic risk of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（OPAHs）in the environmental media in the coking plants, vegetation, soil and ambient air samples were collected in JD and PF coking plants. Four species of OPAHs, including 1-acenaphthenone（1-ANO）, 9-fluorenone（9-FLU）, 9, 10-anthraquinone（9, 10-ATQ）, and benzanthrone（BZO）, were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detector（GC-MSD）. The results showed that the concentrations of Σ₄OPAHs in vegetations, soils, and ambient air in PF plant were higher than those in JD plant, respectively, and 9-FLU and 9, 10-ATQ were dominated in the environmental media in both plants. The fugacity of ambient air-soil showed that 9-FLU was in equilibrium between the air and soil, and 9, 10-ATQ released from soil into the air in PF plant. Human health risks were assessed for adults through ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation. The carcinogenic risks of OPAHs in the soils in JD and PF plants were acceptable for adults, and the carcinogenic risks of OPAHs in the ambient air in both plants were also acceptable for adults. The results provide a basis for the formulation of OPAH prevention and control measures.

In this study, carbonic anhydrase-producing bacteria were selected and introduced into short-term experiments involving sandstone-CO₂-water interactions. The chemical properties of the solution, the dissolution-precipitation process of rock minerals, and the changes in bicarbonate ion concentration were analyzed and detected. The results showed that after 20days of reaction under conditions of 50℃ and 10MPa, the pH of the system increased, and the microbial group pH was slightly higher than that of the control group. The participation of bacteria significantly accelerated the dissolution and precipitation processes of rock minerals, reducing the core porosity from 15.02% to 13.27%. In a 1-liter solution with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, the effective CO₂ sequestration amounts for the control group and the microbial group were 0.207g and 0.726g, respectively. The addition of microorganisms resulted in better carbon fixation, demonstrating that carbonic anhydrase-producing bacteria have a certain promoting effect on CO₂ geological sequestration.

The effects of the formation of iron minerals at the interface of birnessite（MnO₂）on the environmental behavior of antimony（Sb）were systematically studied in this paper. Many nanoparticles and abundant pore structure was found on the obtained Fe-Mn binary oxide（Fe-MnO₂）. HRTEM and XRD analysis indicated that the nanoparticles anchored on MnO₂ was ferrihydrite. The iron minerals formed on MnO₂ enhanced adsorption performance for Sb（III）and Sb（V）. The adsorption capacities of Sb（III）and Sb（V）by Fe-MnO₂ were 397.4 and 247.7mg/g, respectively, which was much higher than that of MnO₂ for Sb（III）and Sb（V）immobilization（342.0 and 71.8mg/g）. The chemical bond complexation was the dominant mechanism for Sb（III）and Sb（V）immobilization. The electrostatic adsorption played an important role in Sb（V）immobilization. The ferrihydrite made a significant contribution for reducing the mobility of Sb. MnO₂ played the critical role in the transformation of Sb（III）to Sb（V）. This study not only reveals the formation mechanism of Fe-Mn binary oxide, but also helps to further understand the migration and transformation behavior of Sb in the environment.

Taking a typical mining area as an example, statistical methods and Positive Matrix Factorization（PMF）were integrated to qualitatively and quantitatively identify key regional pollution sources and their contributors. A spatial model was further constructed, considering the spatial heterogeneity of soil heavy metal pollution and its dominant environmental drivers, with the best environmental variables and spatial scale being selected. The results revealed that the sources of soil heavy metal pollution were natural sources, exhaust gas emission sources, slag emission sources, wastewater emission sources, and transportation sources, with contributions of 8.40%, 9.55%, 1.73%, 55.37%, and 24.99% of the total pollution, respectively. Notably, atmospheric deposition（q =0.113）and soil leaching（q=0.097）were identified as the primary input and output pathways for heavy metals. Among various spatial modeling strategies, the model that integrated both spatial pollution source characteristics and environmental variables demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, outperforming the model based solely on dominant environmental factors or pollution source characteristics. The importance of incorporating spatial information to enhance model performance was highlighted by this finding. In particular, the Geographically Weighted Regression Kriging（GWRK）model was found to achieve superior predictive accuracy（mRadius=0.2916）when multiple data sources were integrated. Overall, a scientific foundation was provided for identifying high-risk soil pollution zones in mining regions, the understanding of ecological and environmental interactions between influencing factors and heavy metal contamination was enhanced, and valuable insights were offered for spatially targeted pollution control strategies.

Based on the panel data of 2383 counties in China from 2003 to 2022, the composite system synergy model and super-efficient SBM-DEA model were initially employed to quantify the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. Subsequently, the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in counties were explored by kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and standard deviation ellipse. Ultimately, the XGBoost algorithm and SHAP value interpretation algorithm were combined to identify the main influencing factors of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. The results show that. the level of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in Chinese counties has been gradually rising, with a marked acceleration observed after 2020. The synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions exhibits a “high in the east, low in the west” pattern, accompanied by a significant spatial positive correlation. The distribution center of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in counties generally migrates to the southeast, reflecting a north-south centripetal trend and an east-west spatial divergence. Energy intensity is the main influencing factor of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions, and has a negative impact on the synergistic reduction. Technological innovation and industrial structure generally promote the synergistic reduction. The impact of economic development, population density and financial development on the synergistic reduction shows complex nonlinear characteristics. Compared with the eastern region, the impact of energy intensity on the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in the central and western regions is more significant.

Using surface meteorological and air quality observational data and the 5^th Generation of ECMWF Reanalysis data（ERA5）, the characteristics of ozone（O₃）pollution impact by the sea-land breezes（SLBs）over the Pearl River Estuary（PRE）in 2022 were studied. The results showed that the SLBs days in the seven cities of PRE were at the range of 40~64, and most of SLBs days occurred in spring and autumn. The averaged median of maximum daily 8-hour average of O₃（O₃-8h）and over-standard rate of regional SLBs days were 141µg/m³ and 38%, respectively, while only 74µg/m³ and 11% were found in non-SLBs days. The averaged O₃-8h were 26%, 41% and 29%, respectively, higher in SLBs days than those of non-SLBs days in Zhuhai, Zhongshan and Jiangmen（ZZJ）, the three cities located in the western part of PRE, indicating that the impact of SLBs was the most significant in those areas. The averaged time of peak concentration in SLBs days was 0.5h later than that of non-SLBs days, with 29% increase in averaged peak concentration. When the sea breezes firstly occurred at 17:00 and 18:00, 72% and 41% of the hourly growth rates of ozone concentrations were positive, and the averaged growth rates were 5% and 7% higher, respectively, than those of non-SLBs days. But the growth rates declined obviously 1h after the occurrence of sea breezes. The averaged recirculation factor（RF）of SLBs days was 39% lower than those of north wind days and south wind days. RF of transition periods was 14% and 15% lower than those of land and sea breezes periods, respectively. Besides, compared to non-SLBs over-standard days, RF in SLBs over-standard days was 28%lower. The atmospheric diffusion capability was weakened by the SLBs, and that exacerbated the ozone pollution.

Traditional fertilizers are prone to causing excessive nutrient levels in the soil, and nutrient loss through surface runoff, denitrification, volatilization, and leaching not only harms the environment but also affects human health. Therefore, developing fertilizers that improve nutrient utilization efficiency and reduce pollution is crucial. Slow-release fertilizers provide an effective solution to this issue by precisely controlling the release of chemical components, and biochar-based slow-release fertilizers, in particular, have attracted increasing attention due to their unique properties. Various methods to enhance fertilizer efficacy have been studied in terms of preparation and application, including co-pyrolysis, impregnation, encapsulation, and granulation, with in-depth analyses of nutrient loading and release mechanisms. In recent years, significant progress has been made in research on biochar-based slow-release fertilizers, covering aspects such as raw material selection, preparation processes, and application effectiveness. These studies have demonstrated that biochar-based slow-release fertilizers can effectively improve nutrient use efficiency and significantly reduce environmental impacts. However, challenges remain in their practical application, and further optimization of preparation processes is necessary to enable the feasibility of large-scale implementation.