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The study utilized filter mud and bagasse as raw materials for the co-hydrothermal carbonization process at 240℃-60min-5:1. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of liquid-phase cycling on the solid-liquid phase products of the co-hydrothermal carbonization process and to elucidate the reaction pathways. The experimental findings demonstrated that liquid-phase cycling significantly enhanced the reaction process of co-hydrothermal carbonization, resulting in substantial improvements in the hydrochar properties. In the liquid-phase cycling process, there was a substantial increase in the hydrochar yield and higher heating value（HHV）, accompanied by a significant decrease in ash content and an increase in microsphere structures on the surface. Following the second cycling, the hydrochar obtained a maximum specific surface area of 31.2m2/g, and the contents of the groups CHX, C-C/C=C, and -C/OR/-C-NR exhibited a tendency to increase, while the contents of C=O/C=N and -COOR decreased significantly; In the liquid-phase products, the contents of organic acids and ketones increased. Concurrently, the proportion of aromatic compounds remarkably rose from 0.31% to 13.75%, and hydrocarbons, amides, and esters decreased. Within the liquid-phase cycle, the acidic environment generated by the accumulation of organic acids served as a catalyst for hydrolysis and other reactions, and simultaneously facilitated the Maillard reaction, which effectively enhanced the degree of aromatization of the hydrochar. Moreover, it was beneficial for fortifying the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the hydrothermal carbon, thereby creating more chemically active sites. Consequently, the hydrochar was bestowed with enhanced adsorption capabilities and its potential for land application was elevated.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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