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Outline
In this study, a diesel vehicle NH3 emission prediction model based on the fusion framework of Convolutional Neural Network（CNN）and Transformer is proposed. The model was developed by integrating the local feature extraction capability of CNN with the global dependency modeling capability of Transformer, enabling the highly accurate prediction of NH3 emissions from diesel vehicles under real road driving conditions. The study was conducted based on the actual on-road emissions test data of an N3-class diesel vehicle. Feature screening was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient method, and the key hyperparameters of the model were optimized through the application of the Bayesian algorithm, which enhanced its performance. Additionally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations（SHAP）algorithm was utilized to identify the pivotal factors influencing NH3 emissions. The results indicated that the proposed model achieved highly accurate predictions of NH3 emissions from diesel vehicles in real road driving conditions when tested on an independent dataset. The R2, MAE, and MSE values of the predicted NH3 concentration compared to the actual measured values were 0.986, 0.663, and 2.285, respectively, which were significantly superior to those obtained by the traditional Random Forest（RF）model, the Long Short-Term Memory（LSTM）neural network model, and the Transformer model. This study provided an efficient and reliable method for monitoring NH3 emissions from in-use diesel vehicles and offered a novel perspective for elucidating the principal factors influencing NH3 emissions from diesel vehicles on the road.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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