To analyze the status of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine and its related factors in children born to mothers infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV).

The children born to mothers with HBV infection reported in Hunan Province from January to December 2022 were selected. All the children received hepatitis B immunoglobulin injection and 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccination and were followed up to 7-12 months of age for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs. Both HBsAg and anti-HBs were negative, indicating that there was no response to hepatitis B vaccine in children. Unconditional binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine in children.

A total of 9 792 children born to mothers infected with HBV were analyzed. Among 9 792 children, the non-response rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 9.5% (928/9 792). Non-conditional binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine in children born to HBeAg-positive mothers was 1.62 times higher than that in children born to HBeAg-negative mothers (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.40-1.88). The risk of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine in children with macrosomia (birth weight ≥ 4 000g) was 1.41 times higher than that in children with normal birth weight (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.08-1.85). Maternal antiviral therapy (OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.48-0.73) and child HepB standard vaccination (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.57-0.78) were the protective factors of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine in children.

The non-response rate of hepatitis B vaccine in children born to HBV infected mothers is high, and it is affected by maternal HBeAg positive, antiviral therapy during pregnancy, birth weight, and standard vaccination.

Based on the health big data platform of Yichang city, to analyze the characteristics of allergic diseases of children born in medical institutions from 2017 to 2022 in Yichang city, and to clarify the distribution of allergic diseases among children in Yichang city.

Statistical analysis was conducted based on the records of born children with allergic diseases in the outpatient clinic of urban comprehensive medical institutions from 2017 to 2022 in the big data cloud platform of Yichang city.

The number of visits of male children was 68 707, more than that of female children, and the number of visits had been increasing since 2017. The highest number of hospital visits was 46 190 (37.86%) among children of 0-1 year old, of which the highest number of visits was 3 331(13.74%) among children of two months. Atopic dermatitis/eczema and allergic rhinitis had a higher number of visits with 46 156 and 14 388 visits, respectively. The age of onset of atopic dermatitis was earlier, with the age of first consultation being 0.42 years, and the age of onset was earlier in males than in females. Atopic dermatitis/eczema and allergic rhinitis were the most common multimorbidities.

For children with atopic dermatitis/eczema and/or allergic rhinitis, the focus is on the development of concomitant diseases to further interrupt the allergic process and promote early detection, prevention and treatment of the disease.

To analyze the resource allocation efficiency and spatial aggregation of elderly care institutions in China, so as to provide reference for optimizing the elderly care service system.

Three-stage DEA model was used to analyze the resource allocation efficiency of elderly care institutions in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and cities) in 2021. Global Moran’s I index and Getis-Ord Gi* index was used to analyze the spatial autocorrelation of resource allocation efficiency of elderly care institutions in China.

In 2021, the overall scale efficiency of resource allocation of elderly care institutions in China was not high, and there was spatial aggregation effect. Scale efficiency was the main factor restricting the improvement of the allocation efficiency of elderly care institutions in China. The resource allocation efficiency of elderly care institutions was greatly affected by the external environment.

According to the demand of local elderly care service, the government should adjust its scale efficiency reasonably, improve the management level, allocate the resources of elderly care institutions reasonably and promote its efficiency.

To evaluate the potential causal relationship between blood metabolites and the risk of heart failure by two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Based on a genome-wide association study containing 486 blood metabolites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) independently associated with blood metabolites was selected as instrumental variables. The heart failure data were derived from the Genome-Wide Association Study of the Molecular Epidemiology Research Consortium for Therapeutic Targets in Heart Failure. The potential causal relationship between them was analyzed by inverse variance weighting method, MR-Egger regression method, and weighted median method, and the sensitivity analysis was perfomed using MR-Egger regression intercept, Cochran Q test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out method.

In total 7 516 SNP associated with blood metabolites were selected as instrumental variables. The results of inverse variance weighting analysis showed that pantothenic acid was associated with heart failure (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.03-1.63). Sensitivity analysis results indicated that the results were robust.

This study suggests that there is a positive causal relationship between pantothenic acid and the risk of heart failure, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and drug targets of heart failure.

To explore the relationship among cognitive function, anxiety, and self-management behavior in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.

A face-to-face survey was conducted among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 60 and over in the Department of Endocrinology, Penglai People’s Hospital, Yantai city, Shandong Province from October 2021 to May 2022. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory-Short Form (GAI-SF), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),and self-designed items were used to assess the anxiety, cognitive function, and self-management behaviors of the patients.Path analysis and mediation effect testing were conducted using a structural equation model.

In total 1 319 diabetic patients aged 60 and above were enrolled, of whom 8.3% had anxiety symptoms. The average scores of MoCA scale and self-management behavior were (23.89±4.12) and (3.74±1.27), respectively. Structural equation model analysis showed that cognitive function had a masking effect between anxiety and self-management behavior, and anxiety had a positive effect on self-management behavior directly (β=0.127, P < 0.019). However, it also had a strong negative effect on cognitive function (β=-0.567, P < 0.001) and then had a negative effect on self-management behavior (β=-0.241, P < 0.001). Therefore, anxiety had a negative effect on self-management behavior (β=-0.115, P < 0.001).

The anxiety of elderly patients with diabetes is negatively correlated with their self-management behavior and can have a negative effect on self-management through cognitive function.

To analyze the transmission of HIV-1 infections newly found in Luzhou city, Sichuan Province in 2021,and to investigate the risk factors and characteristics of HIV-1 transmission network, so as to provide data for the prevention and control of AIDS epidemic in Luzhou.

The blood samples and demographic information of 363 newly reported HIV-1 infections in Luzhou in 2021 were collected. The HIV-1 pol gene sequence was amplified by nested PCR, and the virus subtype and transmissible drug resistance were analyzed according to the pol gene sequence. The molecular network was constructed based on the optimal gene distance (d=1.5%) and the characteristics of molecular transmission network and its influencing factors were analyzed.

A total of 346 valid sequences were obtained, including 113 cases of CRF07_BC subtype (32.66%),107 cases of CRF01_AE subtype (30.92%), 99 cases of CRF08_BC subtype (28.61%), 18 cases of CRF105_0108 subtype (5.20%), and 9 cases of other subtypes (2.60%). The rate of transmitted drug resistance of HIV-1 was 15.03% (52/346), and dual drug resistance was detected in 4 samples. A total of 34 molecular clusters were formed, and the number of cases in the clusters ranged from 2 to 25, with 148 individuals (42.77%) included in the transmission network under the optimal genetic distance threshold (1.5%). There were significant differences in age, education level, infection route, genotype, and registered residence registration (P<0.05). Logistic regression found that education level and registered residence were the influencing factors of network access.

The newly reported HIV-1 infection in Luzhou city shows diversity of virus genes. CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC, and CRF08_ BC subtype have become the main subtype of epidemic virus strains, and molecular transmission network should be established for long-term monitoring in this region to take targeted measures to block its further transmission.

To analyze the basic hygiene status and main health hazard factors of public places in Hainan Province, so as to provide technical support for promoting health management of public places.

The health hazard factors of 200 public places in Hainan Province were monitored in 2022, and the results were statistically analyzed.

A total of 2 339 samples from public places in Hainan Province were monitored, and the overall qualified rate was 83.9%. There were significant differences in the qualified rates of samples from different types of places (χ²=120.63, P < 0.05). Among them, the qualified rates of swimming pools (halls) and hotels (hotels) were relatively low, which were 65.8% and 76.3%, respectively, while the overall qualified rates of the other five types of places were between 85.7% and 96.5%. The main unqualified indexes of indoor air in hotels were formaldehyde, the total number of bacteria, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5. The main unqualified indexes of indoor air in barber shops and beauty shops were ammonia and PM₁₀. The main unqualified index of indoor air in shopping malls (supermarkets) was the total number of bacteria. The total number of bacteria detected in all kinds of public goods and appliances in 6 types of public places exceeded the limit. The unqualified rate of pH value of towels in hotels, beauty shops, and barber shops was 43.2%, 13.6% and 11.4%, respectively. The main unqualified indexes of swimming pool were the pH value of swimming pool water, urea and oxidation-reduction potential, and the unqualified rate of oxidation-reduction potential was 29.6%.

The hygienic condition of public places in Hainan Province still needs to be improved in 2022. It is suggested that the relevant departments further strengthen the supervision and monitoring of the total number of bacteria, ammonia, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and formaldehyde in indoor air, the total number of bacteria, coliform group and pH value of towels for public goods, and the redox potential, urea and pH value of swimming pool water.

To construct a deep learning model based on multi-task learning to assist clinicians in differential diagnosis and staging of pneumoconiosis.

The digital chest radiographs of 3 600 patients from an occupational disease hospital in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2022 were collected, and the full convolution neural network (UNet) was used to segment the lung field. Based on multi-task learning, the multi-task model was constructed using the correlation between tasks.The multi-task model was pre-trained on the ChestX-ray14 dataset, whose backbone network was DenseNet121, and two classifiers were added behind the backbone network. Paired t-test was used to compare the differences in accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1 scores between single-task model and multi-task model.

The test set results showed that the differential diagnosis and diagnostic staging performance of the single-task model was about 90% and 77%, respectively. The differential diagnosis and diagnosis staging performance of the multi-task model was about 94% and 86%, which was higher than that of the single-task model about 4% and 9%, respectively. The difference between the evaluation indexes was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

The multi-task model has more advantages than the single-task model and can effectively realize the differential diagnosis and accurate staging of pneumoconiosis and pulmonary tuberculosis.

To study the drug resistance phenotype, drug resistance gene, and virulence gene of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) in patients with failed eradication therapy, and to provide reference for remedial therapy.

Hp was isolated and cultured from gastric mucosa of patients with failed eradication therapy. Drug sensitivity test was used to detect the resistance of isolated strains to Metronidazole (MTZ), Clarithromycin (CLA), Levofloxacin (LEV), Amoxicillin (AMX), Tetracycline (TET),and Furazolidone (FZ). CLA and LEV resistance genes 23S rRNA, gyrA and virulence genes cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA were amplified by PCR, to further explore the relationship between drug resistance phenotype and drug resistance and virulence genes.

In total 40 strains of Hp were isolated from 58 patients (69.0%). The resistance rates to MTZ, CLA, LEV, AMX, TET, and FZ were 100.0%, 82.5%, 72.5%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. The most common mutations of 23S rRNA and gyrA genes were T2182C (78.6%) and N87K (32.0%), respectively, and new C2165T and A2219G mutations were found in CLA resistant strains. In addition, the positive rates of virulence genes cagA, vacA s1, vacA s2, vacA m1, vacA m2, iceA1, iceA2, and oipA were 97.1%, 100.0%, 0%, 42.9%, 57.1%, 62.9%, 11.4%, and 68.6%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant.

The resistance of Hp isolates to MTZ, CLA and LEV in patients with failed eradication therapy in this area is serious, and AMX, TET and FZ are recommended for remedial therapy. The relationship between CLA resistance and C2165T and A2219G mutation and LEV resistance and vacA m2 warrants further investigation.