To investigate the association between early pregnancy blood routine indicators and fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their predictive value.

A total of 1 422 early pregnant women enrolled in a prospective dynamic birth cohort at Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2018 to 2022 were included. Baseline data and early pregnancy laboratory indicators were collected, and GDM occurrence was followed up and recorded. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between early pregnancy white blood cell count (WBC),lymphocyte count (LYMPH), hemoglobin (HGB), and FPG levels with the confirmed GDM outcome. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was conducted to investigate whether there was a nonlinear relationship between WBC, FPG, and GDM. Additionally, subgroups were analyzed based on age, parity, and other factors. Finally, the predictive value of various early pregnancy indicators for GDM was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Among the 1 422 early pregnant women, 154 developed GDM in mid-pregnancy. After adjusting for covariates such as age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and parity, logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of developing GDM for the highest quartile levels of WBC, LYMPH, HGB, and FPG was 1.774 times (95%CI: 1.088-2.893), 1.712 times (95%CI: 1.035-2.833), 1.597 times (95%CI: 1.004-2.555), and 6.459 times (95%CI: 3.612-11.151) that of the lowest quartile group, respectively, with all differences being statistically significant (P<0.05). RCS analysis indicated a positive linear dose-response relationship between early pregnancy WBC, FPG, and the risk of GDM. In subgroup analysis, overweight and obese women showed an increased risk of GDM with elevated early pregnancy WBC (OR=1.212,95%CI: 1.106-1.445) and FPG (OR=6.758, 95%CI: 3.407-14.989). The combination of early pregnancy WBC, FPG, HGB, age, and pre-pregnancy BMI provided the best predictive value for GDM (AUC=0.736, 95%CI: 0.695-0.776).

Clinical practitioners should focus on early pregnancy WBC and FPG levels, as well as the conditions of advanced maternal age and overweight/obesity, to implement timely health interventions for primary prevention of GDM.

To analyze the current status of perceived HIV/AIDS-related stress among elderly individuals living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and its influencing factors, and to explore the mediating role of psychological resilience between social support and HIV/AIDS-related stress.

A convenience sampling method was employed to include 405 elderly PLWHA from the Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department of Changsha Infectious Disease Hospital between January and February 2024. The on-site questionnaire included the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the Chinese HIV/AIDS Stress Scale (CSS-HIV), as well as demographic and disease characteristic information. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, and multiple stepwise linear regression were used to analyze the current status and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS-related stress; mediation analysis was conducted to explore the mediating effect of psychological resilience on HIV/AIDS-related stress.

The total score for HIV/AIDS-related stress among elderly PLWHA was 24.84±14.01, with emotional stress scoring 5.91±5.98,social stress 14.23±6.21, and instrumental stress 4.71±4.74. Factors influencing HIV/AIDS-related stress included being retired or engaged in farming, comorbidities, levels of social support, and psychological resilience (P<0.05). Psychological resilience showed a partial mediating effect in the relationship between social support and HIV/AIDS-related stress, accounting for 40.81% of the mediation effect.

Psychological resilience partially mediates the impact of social support on HIV/AIDS-related stress among elderly PLWHA. Interventions aimed at improving the status of social support and enhancing the psychological resilience of patients may help alleviate HIV/AIDS-related stress, thereby reducing their psychological burden and suffering.

To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of different obesity metabolic phenotypes in middle-aged and elderly populations in Hubei Province, aiming to provide scientific reference and decision-making basis for early prevention and intervention of obesity-related diseases.

A population involved in the “National Cardiovascular Disease High-risk Population Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project” from January 2016 to December 2019 in Hubei Province was selected to analyze the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of different obesity metabolic phenotypes and to explore the influencing factors of obesity metabolic phenotypes in middle-aged and elderly populations in Hubei.

A total of 112 270 participants were included in this study. The prevalence rates of metabolically healthy overweight or obese, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, and metabolically unhealthy overweight or obese were 15.78%, 21.16%, and 42.82%, respectively. The results of the unordered multinomial logistic regression showed that, compared to the metabolically healthy normal weight group, living in rural areas (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.03-1.13; OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.16-1.25), being in the older age group (aged 65 and above, OR=3.39,95%CI: 3.15-3.64; OR=3.31, 95%CI: 3.12-3.52), being male (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.16-1.29; OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.12-1.22), and alcohol consumption (OR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.08-1.23; OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.07-1.20) were associated with an increased risk of being metabolically healthy overweight or obese, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, and metabolically unhealthy overweight or obese.Higher education level (high school or above, OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.84-0.92), higher household annual income (≥50 000 yuan, OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.76-0.86), and smoking (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.63-0.70) were associated with a decreased risk of being metabolically unhealthy overweight or obese (all P < 0.01).

The prevalence of metabolically unhealthy overweight or obesity is high in Hubei Province, and it is essential to strengthen prevention and control efforts, particularly targeting older males in rural areas, those with low income, low education levels, and individuals with alcohol consumption habits.

To construct and validate a nomogram model for sarcopenia in Chinese elderly individuals.

Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011 and 2015 were utilized, randomly divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. LASSO regression was employed to select potential predictive variables, and Logistic regression was used to determine the final predictive variables, leading to the construction of the nomogram. The model’s predictive performance, calibration, and clinical validity were evaluated through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Hosmer-Leeshawn test, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.

A total of 1 320 elderly individuals without sarcopenia at baseline were included, and after a 4-year follow-up, 161 individuals (12.2%) developed sarcopenia. LASSO regression identified 10 potential predictive variables, while Logistic regression analysis indicated that age and social isolation were risk factors, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.086 (95%CI: 1.049-1.125) and 1.696 (95%CI: 1.114-2.582), respectively. Social interaction (SI) was identified as a protective factor (OR=0.986, 95%CI: 0.973-0.999). Compared to a body roundness index (BRI) ≤ 3.00, higher BRI levels were associated with lower risk: ORs (95%CI) for >3.00-3.74, >3.74-4.51, >4.51-5.47, and >5.47 were 0.529 (0.284-0.988), 0.315 (0.164-0.606), 0.128 (0.061-0.270), and 0.174 (0.087-0.347),respectively. Based on these findings, a nomogram was constructed, with AUCs of 0.734 and 0.723 for the training and validation sets, respectively, indicating good model discrimination. The Hosmer-Leeshawn test demonstrated good model fit, and the calibration curve closely matched the ideal curve. Decision curve analysis suggested that the model possesses good clinical efficacy.

The risk of sarcopenia is relatively high among Chinese elderly individuals, and the nomogram model constructed based on age, SI, social isolation, and BRI can effectively predict the risk of its occurrence.

To describe the epidemic characteristics of pertussis in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2023 and to explore the feasibility of using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for predicting pertussis incidence in the province.

Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis cases collected for this study were analyzed. Data from January 2011 to June 2023 were used as the training set to construct the ARIMA model, which was then utilized to predict the incidence trend of pertussis from July 2023 to December 2024, thereby evaluating the model’s predictive performance.

A total of 1 970 pertussis cases were reported in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2023, with an annual incidence rate of 0.19 per 100 000. The number of reported male cases exceeded that of female cases, yielding a sex ratio of 1.08:1. Most cases occurred in infants under one year of age (52.2%, 1 049/1 970), with 83.5% of these infants being under six months old (876/1 049). Pertussis exhibited a seasonal peak during spring and summer, with the highest incidence observed in April. The ARIMA (1,1,3) (0,1,2)₁₂ model was identified as the optimal predictive model for this study, showing a close alignment between the model-fitted incidence trend from 2011 to 2023 and the actual incidence trend. Additionally, the actual monthly incidence from July to December 2023 fell within the 95% confidence interval of the predicted values.

This model effectively fits the incidence of pertussis in Jiangsu Province and holds practical value for short-term prediction and analysis of pertussis in the region.

To explore the association between overt proteinuria (OP) and moderately reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (MG) in relation to the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD).

The study targeted elderly individuals (aged ≥60 years) who completed at least two national basic public health service health examinations at a community health service center in Chengdu from 2017 to 2022. A total of 4 316 subjects were categorized into four groups based on the presence or absence of OP and MG: no OP no MG (NP[MG-]), OP no MG (OP[MG-]), no OP with MG (NP[MG+]),and OP with MG (OP[MG+]). An intrinsic time-dependent Cox analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria, individually or in combination, with the risk of CAD.

The study included 4 316 subjects with a median follow-up time of 6.25 years, during which 419 developed new cases of CAD. The results indicated that compared to the group with both indicators negative, the risk of CAD increased by 15% (HR=1.15, 95% CI: 0.88-1.41) for those with moderately reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (MG+), by 14% (HR=1.14, 95% CI: 0.76-1.51) for those with overt proteinuria (OP), and by 93% (HR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.50-2.37) for those with both indicators positive (OP[MG+]). The combined use of both indicators demonstrated a superior discriminatory effect on CAD risk compared to the use of either indicator alone.

Routine screening for estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in the elderly population is recommended, as the combined assessment of both indicators is more effective in identifying individuals at high risk for coronary artery disease.

To investigate the status and influencing factors of social frailty in elderly patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) and to construct a nomogram prediction model.

A survey was conducted among 340 elderly MHD patients using a general information questionnaire, social frailty scale, hemodialysis self-management scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Family Care Index, and Social Support Rating Scale. Independent influencing factors were identified, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed and evaluated.

The prevalence of social frailty among elderly MHD patients was 28.82%. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of falls in the past year (OR=3.117, 95% CI: 1.249-7.778), self-care ability (OR=4.058, 95% CI: 2.002-8.228), alexithymia (OR=1.073, 95% CI: 1.009-1.141), family care level (OR=0.744, 95%CI: 0.612-0.903), and social support (OR=0.886, 95% CI: 0.801-0.981) were significant influencing factors for social frailty in elderly MHD patients (all P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the constructed model was 0.921(95% CI: 0.893-0.950), with the maximum Youden index being 0.688, an optimal cutoff value of 0.330, sensitivity of 83.7%, and specificity of 85.1%, indicating high discrimination of the model. The Hosmer-Leeshawn test yielded χ²=10.465, P=0.234,suggesting good model fit. Internal validation calibration curves indicated satisfactory calibration of the model. Decision curve analysis demonstrated high clinical utility of the model.

The nomogram prediction model developed in this study is a practical and convenient tool that aids in predicting the risk of social frailty in elderly MHD patients.

To investigate the distribution characteristics of three endocrine disruptors (EDCs)—nonylphenol (NP),octyl phenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA)—in drinking water in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin and to conduct a health risk assessment.

In October 2023, water samples were collected from 32 urban and rural water plants in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin, with each plant providing one sample each of source water, treated water, and tap water, totaling 96 samples. The concentrations of EDCs were determined using solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS), and potential health risks were assessed using the risk entropy method.

All three EDCs were detected in the drinking water of the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin, with overall concentrations ranging from Not Detected (ND) to 234.00 ng/L. The detection rates for NP and OP were 100%, while BPA had a detection rate of 36.46%. Among the average values of the three EDCs, NP was found to be greater than OP, which was greater than BPA across different water sample types. Specifically, the average concentration of EDCs followed the order: source water > tap water > treated water. EDCs were commonly found in drinking water across various cities, with NP exhibiting the highest average concentration. Compared to relevant domestic and international studies, the level of EDC contamination in drinking water in this region was considered to be moderate to low. The health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic health risk values for adults and children ranged from 1.07×10^-5 to 9.34×10^-5, both of which were well below 1, with children’s risks being higher than those for adults.

EDC contamination is prevalent in drinking water in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin, with low concentration levels and acceptable health risk levels for the population.

To assess the content of heavy metals lead and cadmium in mantis shrimp and Chinese mitten crab sold in Suzhou, as well as the dietary exposure and health risks associated with passive intake of these metals through consumption of these two seafood products.

An in vitro experiment was conducted to simulate the human digestive process, measuring the levels of lead and cadmium in simulated gastric and intestinal digestion extracts, and calculating their bio accessibility. The dietary exposure and health risks of lead and cadmium in the two seafood products were evaluated using exposure boundary ratios, non-carcinogenic hazard coefficients, and target carcinogenic risk indices.

Among the tested seafood products, lead levels were within acceptable limits, while cadmium exceeded the limit in four samples. After treatment with simulated gastric digestion fluid, the bio accessibility data for cadmium and lead were 59.1% to 87.5% and 19.9% to 46.0%, respectively. Following treatment with simulated intestinal digestion fluid, the bio accessibility data for cadmium and lead were 20.5% to 45.1% and 18.1% to 38.2%,respectively. The dietary exposure limits for lead and cadmium in both seafood products were greater than 1.8, the noncarcinogenic hazard coefficients were below the safety benchmark of 1.0, and the target carcinogenic risk was no greater than 5.00×10^-5 per year.

The dietary exposure risk of lead and cadmium in the two seafood products does not have a significant impact on human health, and both non-carcinogenic and target carcinogenic risks are within acceptable limits.

To investigate the contamination status of quinolone veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods sold in Guizhou Province and assess the dietary exposure risk.

From 2019 to 2023, a total of 818 samples of animal-derived foods were collected from nine cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province to monitor quinolone veterinary drug residues.The average, maximum, P₅₀, and P_97.5 values were calculated, and dietary exposure risk was assessed using the point estimate method in conjunction with food intake data from the western region of China.

Different levels of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin were detected in pork, chicken, eggs, freshwater fish, and freshwater shrimp. The detection rates for enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin were 5.50% (45/818), 2.44% (20/818), 0.37% (3/818),and 0.61% (5/818), respectively. The dietary exposure levels of quinolone veterinary drugs through animal-derived foods for different age groups were 0.06 to 5 300.22 ng/(kg·d) (3-5 years), 0.09 to 5 981.67 ng/(kg·d) (6-11 years), 0.05 to 4 080.37 ng/(kg·d) (12-17 years), 0.04 to 2,812.93 ng/(kg·d) (18-59 years), and 0.04 to 2 370.91 ng/(kg·d) (≥60 years). The risk ratios corresponding to the average, maximum, P₅₀, and P_97.5 values for enrofloxacin and ofloxacin ranged from 0.0 003 to 0.9 941.

The risk of dietary exposure to quinolone veterinary drugs through animal-derived foods in the Guizhou population is low; however, attention should be paid to the 3-11 age group.