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Objective To evaluate the health risk of heavy metal concentration, source analysis and inhalation pathway of PM2.5 in ambient air of Huai’an city. Methods The ambient air PM2.5 samples were collected regularly at a monitoring site in Huai’an city from 2020 to 2022. The contents of 10 heavy metals in PM2.5 were determined by ICP-MS, and the traceability analysis of heavy metals was carried out by enrichment factor method and principal component analysis. According to the national“Technical Standard for Assessing Population Health Risk”, the health risk of heavy metals to the population was evaluated. Results The annual average values of Al, Mn, Pb, Cr, Ni, As, Se, Sb, Cd and Tl in PM2.5 of Huai’an city from 2020 to 2022 were 131.11, 28.52, 20.61, 8.09, 5.95, 4.11, 2.62, 1.84, 0.76, and 0.18 ng/m3, respectively. The concentration levels of these metals in winter and spring were higher than those in summer and spring (Z=2.390-7.182, P < 0.05). The results of enrichment factor analysis showed that the elements EF of Se, Cd, Sb, As, Pb, and Tl 6 were more than 100. The principal component analysis showed that the heavy metals in PM2.5 in Huai’an city mainly came from mixed pollution of traffic, industrial production, coal combustion, and natural emission. For non-carcinogenic effects, Sb, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Se 8 were lower than the screening concentration, and the risk of non-carcinogenic effects (HQ) was less than 1. For carcinogenic effects, the excess carcinogenic risks of As, Cd, and Cr were 1.77 × 10-5,1.37 × 10-6, and 9.70 × 10-5, respectively. Conclusion The sources of heavy metals in PM2.5 in Huai’an city are multiple compound pollution. The non-carcinogenic effects of Sb, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Mn,Ni, and Se 8 are acceptable, but As, Cd and Cr have potential carcinogenic risk.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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