To examine the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension prevalence among Mongolian adults, providing evidence for dietary interventions to prevent hypertension in this population.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among Mongolian adults from three regions in Inner Mongolia. Principal component analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and binary logistic regression was employed to assess the association between different dietary patterns and hypertension risk.

Among 2 179 participants, 1 056 had hypertension, yielding a prevalence rate of 48.46%. Six dietary patterns were identified. The beverage-dessert pattern (OR=1.256, 95%CI: 1.008-1.56) and fast-food-whole dairy pattern (OR=1.250, 95%CI: 1.002-1.559) were positively associated with hypertension, while the mushroom-algae-legume pattern (OR=0.701, 95%CI: 0.563-0.874) showed a negative association.

The prevalence of hypertension is high among Mongolian adults. Adherence to a mushroom-algae-legume dietary pattern may reduce hypertension risk, whereas the beverage-dessert and fast-food-whole dairy patterns may increase the risk. Targeted dietary interventions should be considered for hypertension prevention in this population.

To investigate the effects of walnut-derived peptides (WDP) on miR-124-3p, STAT3, TGF-β1, and Smad3 proteins in aluminum-induced cognitive impairment.

Forty male SD rats were divided into control (saline),aluminum model (20 μmol/kg aluminum maltolate, Al (mal)3), 45-day WDP treatment (Al (mal)3 + 800 mg/kg WDP from day 45), and 90-day WDP prevention (Al (mal)3 + 800 mg/kg WDP from day 1) groups (n=10 each). Cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze. Hippocampal protein expressions (p-STAT3 Ser727, p-STAT3 Tyr705, TGF-β1, p-Smad3 Ser423/425) and miR-124-3p levels were measured.

Aluminum exposure prolonged escape latency from day 2 (P<0.05), which was attenuated by WDP (P<0.05). Aluminum increased hippocampal p-STAT3, TGF-β1, and p-Smad3 expressions while decreasing miR-124-3p (P<0.05 vs control). WDP interventions reversed these alterations (P<0.05 vs model).

WDP exerts protective effects against aluminum-induced cognitive dysfunction potentially through modulating miR-124-3p/STAT3-TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

To evaluate the effectiveness of salt reduction intervention on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding salt intake among residents in six provinces of China.

This cluster randomized controlled trial employed multistage cluster random sampling to select residents aged 18 to 75 years from six provinces (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangxi,Hunan, Sichuan, and Qinghai). A comprehensive salt reduction intervention targeting multiple populations and settings was implemented, followed by questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. Difference-in-differences analysis combined with multilevel logistic regression models was used to assess the net intervention effect.

A total of 2 269 participants were included (control group: 1 096; intervention group: 1 173). The intervention significantly improved knowledge, including awareness of daily salt intake recommendations (OR=6.124), the association between high salt intake and hypertension (OR=2.652), the misconception that low salt intake causes weakness (OR=2.469), awareness of low-sodium salt (OR=1.650), and understanding of salt content on food labels (OR=2.486). Positive attitudes toward salt reduction also increased, including willingness to choose low-salt diets (OR=2.717) and confidence in maintaining low-salt diets (OR=2.067). Behavioral improvements were observed in the use of low-sodium salt (OR=1.774), reduced consumption of pickled foods (OR=1.300), and reduced intake of salty snacks (OR=1.997)(all P < 0.05). Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results.

The salt reduction intervention effectively enhanced salt-related knowledge and attitudes, while promoting certain salt-reducing behaviors among residents in six provinces.

To investigate dietary intake and explore the association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years in Hebei Province, providing evidence for early prevention and control.

Using multistage stratified random sampling, 3 228 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from 12 monitoring sites in Hebei Province were selected. Data on basic characteristics, food intake, and physical examination were collected. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and unconditional logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity risk.

The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 28.78% during 2016 and 2017, with significant differences by gender, region, education level, parental education, and boarding status (all P<0.05). After adjusting for gender, region, and boarding status, the high-carbohydrate dietary pattern was identified as a risk factor for overweight/obesity (P<0.05). The high-protein dietary pattern showed a protective effect, with decreasing risk as factor scores increased (Q2 medium group: OR=0.803, 95%CI: 0.665-0.985, P=0.034; Q3 high group: OR=0.742, 95%CI: 0.584-0.942, P=0.014).

The prevalence of overweight/obesity is high among children and adolescents in Hebei Province. Dietary interventions focusing on increasing protein intake and reducing high-carbohydrate foods may help control overweight/obesity.

To translate and validate the Chinese version of the Sexual Health Literacy Measurement Tool for Pregnancy Prevention Among Adolescents (SHL-PPA).

Following Brislin’s translation model, the SHL-PPA was forward- and back-translated, then culturally adapted by 15 experts. From June to July 2024, 420 participants completed the online questionnaire, with 30 randomly selected for retesting to examine reliability and validity.

The final Chinese version contained 16 items with item-level content validity indices ranging from 0.87 to 1.00 (scale-level=0.97). The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’ α=0.918), test-retest reliability (0.811), and split-half reliability (0.829). Exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors explaining 61.715% of total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit (χ²/v=2.250, RMSEA=0.077, IFI=0.921, TLI=0.906, CFI=0.921, RMR=0.042). Significant positive correlation with contraceptive knowledge (r=0.608, P<0.001) confirmed criterion validity.

The Chinese SHL-PPA demonstrates good reliability and validity for assessing contraceptive health literacy among Chinese adolescents, providing a tool for developing pregnancy prevention interventions.

To investigate the comorbidity status and influencing factors of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure among primary and secondary school students based on the health ecological model, providing evidence for integrated prevention of common student health issues.

Using stratified cluster random sampling, 140 784 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in Hubei Province were selected in 2022 for questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and blood pressure measurements. Independent variables were determined according to five dimensions of the health ecological model, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors.

The detection rates were 28.52% for overweight/obesity, 20.52% for elevated blood pressure, and 7.95%for comorbidity. Logistic regression showed that junior/senior high school students (OR=1.25), insufficient sleep (OR=1.31), large family structure (OR=1.05), school bullying (OR=1.07), and lack of health records (OR=1.10) were positively associated with comorbidity risk (all P<0.05). Female gender (OR=0.69), moderate-to-vigorous exercise ≥4 days/week (OR=0.92), suburban residence (OR=0.87), skip-generation family (OR=0.88), and boarding (OR=0.76) were protective factors (all P<0.05).

The comorbidity of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure is prevalent among Hubei students, with influencing factors spanning multiple dimensions of the health ecological model. Comprehensive interventions addressing individual, behavioral, environmental, and policy aspects are recommended for integrated disease prevention.

To explore the relationship between children’s sleep quality problems and negative emotions, providing a reference for precise symptom management.

From March to July 2022, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 54 488 primary and secondary school students from 16 counties/districts. After propensity score matching, 13 266 children (6 633 pairs) were included to construct and compare negative emotional symptom network models. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS) were used for assessment, with a PSQI total score ≥5 defining the sleep quality problem-positive group.

The detection rate of sleep problems in children was 12.2%. Compared with the negative group, the positive group showed higher detection rates of depression (5.9% vs 41.6%), anxiety (6.3% vs 45.7%), and stress (1.8% vs 23.4%) (P < 0.01), with significant differences in negative emotional symptoms (12.46 vs 11.48, P < 0.01). Social anxiety (1.16 vs 1.36) and restlessness (1.13 vs 1.31) were more severe in the positive group (Cohen’s d > 0.8, P < 0.01). Arrhythmia (1.40) was the core symptom in the positive group.

Children’s sleep quality problems are closely associated with negative emotions, with particular attention needed for social anxiety, restlessness, and arrhythmia symptoms.

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students in Anhui Province, providing a reference for scoliosis prevention and control.

From September to November 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 104 022 middle school students in Anhui Province for spinal curvature abnormality screening and questionnaire surveys. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the influencing factors of scoliosis.

The detection rate of scoliosis among middle school students in Anhui was 2.46%, with thoracolumbar, lumbar, and thoracic scoliosis detection rates of 1.74%, 1.56%, and 1.45%, respectively. The detection rate of scoliosis generally increased with grade (χ²_trend=28.535, P_trend < 0.001), and high school students had a higher detection rate than junior high school students (2.76% vs. 2.21%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that among junior high school students, suburban residence (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.58-0.72) and overweight/obesity (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.58-0.75) were protective factors, while underweight (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.01-1.66) was a risk factor. Among high school students, suburban residence (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.59-0.76), overweight/obesity (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.65-0.83), correct reading/writing posture (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.52-0.89), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ≥3 days/week (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.74-0.96), daytime outdoor activity ≥1 h/day (OR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.78-0.99), and adequate sleep (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.68-0.93) were protective factors, whereas underweight (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.08-1.75) was a risk factor.

Residential area, nutritional status, reading/writing posture, physical activity, and sleep are influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students. Targeted interventions based on these factors should be implemented across different school stages to reduce the occurrence of scoliosis.

Cancer screening services represent the optimal approach for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer, reducing incidence rates, improving survival rates, and optimizing healthcare resource allocation. However, individuals often exhibit irrational behaviors, such as underutilization of these services, due to inherent differences in risk preference types.This study aimed to investigate the influence of risk preference types on the underutilization of cancer screening services among Chinese residents.

A multistage stratified random sampling method was employed to survey 2 211 respondents aged ≥18 years across China from September to December 2019. Individual risk preference types were measured using the multiple price list (MPL) design, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze their impact on the underutilization of cancer screening services.

Among the 2 211 participants, 39.48% were risk-seeking, and 51.87% underutilized cancer screening.Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant associations between underutilization and age, gender, education level, commercial health insurance participation, chronic disease status, family history, and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that risk-seeking behavior (risk-seeking vs. non-risk-seeking: OR=2.065, 95% CI: 1.414-3.015), age, male gender (vs. female: OR=1.705, 95% CI: 1.196-2.431), chronic disease (yes vs. no: OR=2.406, 95% CI: 1.465-3.951), family history (yes vs. no: OR=5.823, 95% CI: 2.837-11.965), and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (1 000-2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=2.434, 95%CI: 1.068-5.547; >2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=24.090, 95%CI:3.950-144.907) were positively associated with underutilization (P < 0.05). Conversely, purchasing commercial insurance (yes vs.no: OR=0.534, 95%CI: 0.334-0.853) was negatively associated with underutilization (P<0.05).

Residents’ decisions regarding cancer screening utilization are primarily influenced by their perceived risk of cancer and potential losses associated with screening. Governments and communities should enhance service accessibility, improve risk awareness, and emphasize the health consequences of non-screening to promote screening participation.

To explore the transition patterns of latent classes of intrinsIC capacity (IC) and their associations with adverse health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.

A convenience sample of 512 older adults from Lishui, Zhejiang was followed for one year (T1, T2). Latent transition analysis was used to identify IC latent classes and analyze their transition patterns.

Three IC latent classes were identified: low IC (T1: 19.14%), moderate IC (43.75%), and high IC (37.11%). IC classes remained relatively stable over one year, with transitions mainly occurring between adjacent classes: 9.2% of low IC improved to moderate IC;14.3% of moderate IC improved to high IC while 7.1% deteriorated to low IC; and 15.8% of high IC declined to moderate IC. Chi-square tests revealed that persistent low IC (χ²=5.986, P<0.05) or moderate IC (χ²=0.044, P<0.05), and transition from high to moderate IC (χ²=0.015, P<0.05) were associated with recurrent falls (≥2 times). Transition from moderate to low IC increased hospitalization risk (χ²=5.042, P<0.05).

IC latent classes demonstrate relative stability in community-dwelling older adults over one year, with predominant transitions between adjacent classes. These transitions are signifICantly associated with risks of falls and hospitalization.