Quality of life and survival time are important contents of palliative care services for patients with advanced cancer. Therefore, investigating the measurement method of quality-adjusted life years for patients with advanced cancer could provide a basis for the evaluation of palliative care services for this population.

The relative importance of each index in the Quality-of-Life Scale of Cancer Patients was compared by expert consultation method and hierarchical analysis was used to obtain the weight of each index.

In the Quality-of-Life Scale of Cancer Patients, the weights of primary indicators from high to low included physical symptoms, mental psychology, and social relations. The weights of physical symptoms from high to low included pain, side effects of treatment, sleep, daily life, appetite, fatigue, and facial expression. The weights of mental psychology from high to low included their cognition of disease, attitude, and spirit to treatment. The weights of social relations included the care and understanding of family and the understanding and cooperation of colleagues.

The weights of each quality of life scale indicator are obtained by hierarchical analysis. Then the different quality-of-life survival time is converted into quality-adjusted life years, which can provide a basis for the influence of palliative care services on the quality-adjusted life years of patients with advanced cancer.

To explore the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in exacerbating airway inflammation in asthmatic mice exposed to traffic-related PM_2.5.

Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: saline (NS), asthma (ovalbumin, OVA), and OVA combined with low, medium, and high exposure to traffic-derived PM_2.5 (1.8, 3.6, and 7.2 mg/kg·bw, respectively). The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in lung tissue were measured using ELISA kits. The concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Fe²⁺ in lung homogenate supernatants were assessed by colorimetry. Protein expressions of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), tumor protein p53 (p53), phospho-p53 (p-p53), spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) were detected using western blot. mRNA expressions of PTGS2, ACSL4, GPX4, p53, SAT1, and ALOX15 were examined by qRT-PCR. One-way ANOVA was used for multi-group data comparison, followed by Tukey’s HSD for further multiple comparisons.

PM_2.5 exposure significantly increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels in asthmatic mouse lung tissues, especially in the high PM_2.5 exposure group (F_IL-6=17.910, P<0.001; F_TNF-α=5.414, P<0.05). All PM_2.5 exposure groups showed a reduction in GSH, most notably in the high exposure group (F_GSH=13.560, P<0.001). MDA and Fe²⁺ levels were significantly higher in the medium and high PM2.5 groups compared to the OVA group (F_MDA=55.230, P<0.001; F_Fe=17.660, P<0.001). PM_2.5 exposure also elevated the protein and mRNA expressions of PTGS2, ACSL4, and ALOX15, while reducing GPX4 expression. The protein and mRNA expression levels of p53, SAT1, and ALOX15 showed a clear dose-response to PM_2.5, with p-p53 following a similar trend as p53 protein expression.

Traffic-related PM_2.5 may induce ferroptosis in the lungs of asthmatic mice and exacerbate asthma inflammation through the p53/SAT1/ALOX15 pathway.

To explore the association between the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the prevalence of possible sarcopenia among the elderly.

We conducted this analysis utilizing the cross-sectional data from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey and happy family study(CLHLS-HF, wave 2018 ). A standard developed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019(AWGS2019) was used to assess the possibility of sarcopenia. We have constructed four new indicators of DDS as follows: total diet, animal-based diet, plant-based diet, and plant-based diet without the consumption of legume products and nuts. We used the Logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between the DDS of the total diet, animal-based diet, plant-based diet, and plant-based diet without the intake of legume products and nuts and possible sarcopenia. These associations were statistically adjusted for a variety of potential confounders. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses were performed.

The analysis included 2 555 participants (mean age of 84.4 years). 1 244 (48.7％) were male and 1 311 (51.3％) were female. 1 632 elderly people had possible sarcopenia. DDS in the possible sarcopenia group was significantly lower than that in the non-sarcopenia group (P < 0.001). In our study, we found that participants with a higher DDS of the total diet (OR=0.544, 95% CI：0.405-0.732), animal-based diet (OR=0.613, 95% CI：0.423-0.888), and plant-based diet (OR=0.469, 95% CI：0.321-0.684) and plant-based diet without the consumption of legume products and nuts (OR=0.382, 95% CI：0.206-0.709) were at a lower risk of developing sarcopenia. In sensitivity analyses, the associations remained unchanged. In subgroup analysis, total diets, animal-based diet, and plant-based diet were still associated with a reduced risk of possible sarcopenia in the male population, while plant-based diet and plant-based diet without the intake of legume products and nuts were associated with a reduced risk of possible sarcopenia in the female population.

Taking a diversified diet may reduce the risk of developing sarcopenia. According to the findings of this study, adopting a diversified diet might reduce the risk of sarcopenia for older adults.

To investigate the causal association between estrogen and breast cancer incidence and mortality risk.

Using summary data from genome-wide association studies, with estradiol representing estrogen, genetic variants associated with estradiol were utilized as instrument variables.Employing the univariate Mendelian randomization method, the causal association between estradiol and the risk ofincidence (4 outcomes), as well as the risk of mortality (6 outcomes) of female breast cancer and its subtypes, were assessed by the inverse variance-weighted method.

The results revealed that elevated levels of estradiol (≥175 pmol/L)were associated with an increased risk of overall breast cancer (OR=1.43,95% CI:1.27-1.60,P=2.92×10^-9), estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (OR=1.41, 95% CI:1.25-1.60, P=2.16×10^-8), and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (OR=1.49, 95% CI:1.29-1.72, P=6.92×10^-8) incidence. However, there was no evidence that elevated levels of estradiol were the risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer incidence. Moreover, overall breast cancer and its subtypes mortality risks were not shown to be causally related to estradiol.

Elevated estrogen levels (≥175 pmol/L) are associated with an increased risk of overall breast cancer, estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer incidence.

To assess the prevalence and identify risk factors of thyroid diseases among perimenopausal women, providing a theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control measures.

533 perimenopausal women in Shenzhen, aged 40-60, were statistically analyzed for demographics, living habits, residential pollution, and biochemical indicators, with multionmial logistic regression used to assess their links to thyroid disease occurrence.

The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in perimenopausal women was 37.0% (197/533). The prevalence of thyroid nodules was 49.7% (265/533) and 14.3% (76/533) in other thyroid ultrasound abnormalities types. The prevalence of thyroid ultrasound abnormalities accordingly tended to increase with age. Multionmial logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure (OR=1.066, 95% CI:1.024-1.110) and history of thyroid disease (OR=6.853, 95% CI:1.537-30.555) were the risk factors of thyroid dysfunction; 55-60 years old (OR=5.011, 95% CI:1.938-12.956), occupation of clerical staff (OR=3.332, 95% CI:1.196-9.282), diastolic blood pressure (OR=1.050, 95% CI:1.004-1.098), and history of thyroid disease (OR=6.704, 95% CI:1.820-24.698) were the risk factors of thyroid nodules; TGAb antibody positivity (OR=3.763, 95% CI: 1.177-12.031), occupation of technician (OR=4.196, 95% CI:1.259-13.983), systolic blood pressure (OR=1.036, 95% CI:1.005-1.068) and history of thyroid disease (OR=17.917, 95% CI:5.107-62.851) were the risk factors of thyroid dysfunction and ultrasound.

Thyroid dysfunction and nodule rates among perimenopausal women in Shenzhen (37.0% and 49.7%) exceed China's averages (19.9% and 23.7%). Heightened screening and early action for thyroid issues in this group are needed.

To explore the longitudinal trajectory of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and its influencing factors in community hypertensive patients.

We used data from national basic public health services for nine counties in Shandong Province to conduct a prospective cohort study. Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM) was used to explore the trajectory of systolic blood pressure. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to describe the changes in trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of the trajectories.

A total of 104 402 hypertension patients were included. The systolic blood pressure trajectories could be divided into four groups: Stage-1 high blood pressure gradually decreased group (21.8%), Stage-1 high blood pressure stable group (55.5%), Stage-2 high blood pressure gradually decreased group (7.2%) and Stage-2 high blood pressure increased group (15.6%). The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in systolic blood pressure values at different time points or different groups (P<0.001, P<0.001). The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that compared with the group with Stage-1 high blood pressure gradually decreased, the people with less education(OR=82.68, 95% CI:75.60-90.42), physical inactivity(OR=2.77, 95% CI:2.19-3.50), high frequency of drinking(OR=1.39, 95% CI:1.17-1.64), general compliance behavior(OR=1.44, 95% CI:1.18-1.75), intermittent medication(OR=2.15, 95% CI:1.98-2.34) were more likely to be classified into the group with Stage-2 high blood pressure increased. People with increased age (OR=1.03, 95% CI:1.02-1.03), and regular medication (OR=1.94, 95% CI:1.79-2.11) were more likely to be classified into the group with Stage-2 high blood pressure gradually decreased.

The systolic blood pressure trajectories in hypertensive patients can be divided into 4 categories. In the future, we should make more efficient assessments and interventions based on homogeneous populations of systolic blood pressure trajectories and their risk factors.

To explore the impact of health checkups on the utilization of inpatient services for patients with chronic diseases to promote the utilization of health checkups and alleviate the burden of hospitalization.

Utilizing data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018, this study employed coarsened exact matching (CEM) and the difference-in-difference（DID）and BK method to analyze the impact of health checkups on the utilization of inpatient services for patients with chronic diseases, along with examining its influencing mechanisms.

Health checkups were found to increase the probability of hospitalization by 34.4% (β=0.344, 95% CI: 0.132-0.556) and reduce hospitalization costs by 3 145 yuan (β=-3 145.470, 95% CI: -6 074.532--216.407) for patients with chronic diseases. Exercise was identified as mediating the association between health checkups and hospitalization (β=-0.184, 95% CI: -0.323--0.045). Age was observed to negatively moderate the relationship between health checkups and hospitalization (β=-0.531, 95% CI: -0.804--0.258). Patients with multiple chronic diseases and groups with health insurance were more significantly affected by health checkups.

Health checkups increase the likelihood of hospitalization and reduce hospitalization costs for individuals with chronic diseases. Promoting healthy lifestyles among those with chronic conditions is essential, with a specific focus on groups susceptible to health risk shocks.

To comprehensively evaluate the vulnerability level of elderly farmers and herdsmen’s family old-age pension and analyze the obstacle factors.

Based on the vulnerability framework, we constructed a family old-age pension vulnerability assessment index system, and selected 2 594 research subjects for questionnaire survey by multi-stage random cluster sampling. We applied entropy-weight-TOPSIS method to comprehensively evaluate the level of elderly farmers and herdsmen’s family old-age pension vulnerability, and explored the obstacle factors.

60.14% of the elderly farmers and herders in the southern mountainous pastoral areas of Xinjiang had medium or high levels of vulnerability to old age; the three dimensions of vulnerability to old age and their degree of obstacles were sensitivity (47.59%), adaptive capacity (27.73%), and exposure (25.58%); the top five obstacles and their degree of obstacles were hospitalization due to illness (11.86%), physical fitness index (10.86%), and physical health index (11.86%); and the top five obstacles and their degree of obstacles were hospitalization due to illness (11.86%). The top five barriers and their degree of obstacles were hospitalization due to illness (11.86%), body mass index (10.17%), debt (10.06%), caring for grandchildren (9.16%), and self-care ability (5.70%); and the degree of obstacles to care for the elderly was the fourth highest among elderly farmers (8.62%) and the fourteenth highest among elderly pastoralists (2.69%).

There are differences in vulnerability levels and obstacles between elderly farmers and herders. It is recommended to pay attention to the differences in the characteristics of elderly farmers and herders themselves and their pension resources, so as to formulate more accurate pension strategies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate loneliness and its influencing factors among female migrant elderly following children (MEFC) in Jinan City, based on which to recommend suggestions to alleviate the loneliness of female MEFC.

The data came from a survey conducted in 2020 in Jinan City, on the MEFC, and 418 valid samples were obtained by using multistage cluster sampling. The ULS-8 scale was used to measure the loneliness of female MEFC, and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to measure the social support status. t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test the differences in loneliness of female MEFC with different characteristics, and multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the influencing factors of the loneliness of female MEFC.

371 (88.8%) female MEFC came from rural areas, 369 (88.3%) of them moved to take care of their grandchildren, the social support score of female MEFC was (39.5±6.0), the loneliness score was (12.9±4.0), and the factors influencing loneliness included: personal monthly income(β=-0.17, P<0.001,95% CI：-3.337--1.007), type of household registration (β=-0.12, P=0.008, 95% CI:-2.523--0.385), year of migration (β=-0.09, P=0.042, 95% CI: -2.155--0.038), perception of being a local (β=-0.17, P=0.018, 95% CI: 0.267-2.840), the frequency of participation in community square dance (β=-0.18, P<0.001, 95% CI: -3.614--1.092) and community-organized activities (β=-0.13, P=0.013, 95% CI: -2.636--0.306), and social support (β=-0.19, P<0.001, 95% CI: -0.186- -0.064).

The level of loneliness among female MEFC was lower than that of female empty nesters but higher than that of male elderly. To alleviate the loneliness of female MEFC, joint efforts are needed from the communities where female MEFC live, family members of female MEFC, and female MEFC themselves.