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The purpose of this study was to investigate loneliness and its influencing factors among female migrant elderly following children (MEFC) in Jinan City, based on which to recommend suggestions to alleviate the loneliness of female MEFC.
The data came from a survey conducted in 2020 in Jinan City, on the MEFC, and 418 valid samples were obtained by using multistage cluster sampling. The ULS-8 scale was used to measure the loneliness of female MEFC, and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to measure the social support status. t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test the differences in loneliness of female MEFC with different characteristics, and multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the influencing factors of the loneliness of female MEFC.
371 (88.8%) female MEFC came from rural areas, 369 (88.3%) of them moved to take care of their grandchildren, the social support score of female MEFC was (39.5±6.0), the loneliness score was (12.9±4.0), and the factors influencing loneliness included: personal monthly income(β=-0.17, P<0.001,95% CI：-3.337--1.007), type of household registration (β=-0.12, P=0.008, 95% CI:-2.523--0.385), year of migration (β=-0.09, P=0.042, 95% CI: -2.155--0.038), perception of being a local (β=-0.17, P=0.018, 95% CI: 0.267-2.840), the frequency of participation in community square dance (β=-0.18, P<0.001, 95% CI: -3.614--1.092) and community-organized activities (β=-0.13, P=0.013, 95% CI: -2.636--0.306), and social support (β=-0.19, P<0.001, 95% CI: -0.186- -0.064).
The level of loneliness among female MEFC was lower than that of female empty nesters but higher than that of male elderly. To alleviate the loneliness of female MEFC, joint efforts are needed from the communities where female MEFC live, family members of female MEFC, and female MEFC themselves.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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