To analyze the mediating role of activities of daily living ability in older adults and the long-term relationship between cognitive trajectories and the risk of all-cause mortality.

Based on the CLHLS data from 2002 to 2008, the Group-based Trajectory model (GBTM) was used to identify the heterogeneous trajectories of cognitive function in older adults, using CLHLS data from 2008 to 2018 as the follow-up time for all-cause mortality risk. The connection between the cognitive trajectories and the risk of all-cause mortality was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Log-Rank tests and Cox regression analysis. Marginal structure model was used to analyze the mediating effect of ADL in their relationship, with subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis conducted.

A total of 4 177 older adults aged 65-105 years who participated in follow-up for three consecutive years were enrolled, and two cognitive trajectory groups were identified: the low-decline group (n=691, 16.61%) and the high-stable group (n=3 186, 83.39%). By Log-Rank test, there was a statistically significant difference in survival rate between the different cognitive trajectory groups (χ²=323.69, P<0.01). After adjusting for other covariates, the risk of all-cause death was still lower in the high-stable group (HR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.57-0.71) compared to the low-declining group. ADL had a mediating effect in the relationship between cognitive trajectories and the risk of all-cause mortality, and the indirect hazard ratio was 0.93 (95%CI: 0.87-0.98). The results of subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were consistent with the trend of the main research results.

There are different cognitive trajectories in the elderly, and cognitive trajectories can affect the risk of all-cause mortality, ADL plays a mediating role in this relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to dynamically monitor cognition, detect problems in time, and take targeted measures to reduce the risk of death in the elderly.

To investigate the mediating role of professional psychological help-seeking attitudes between family parenting styles and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among secondary school students.

A multistage stratified whole cluster sampling method was used to select 4 393 secondary school students from 12 secondary schools in 2 districts of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, from October to December 2023, and a self-administered general information questionnaire, a Chinese version of the short-form parenting style questionnaire, a short-form scale of attitudes toward professional psychological support for help, and a Chinese adolescent NSSI rating questionnaire were used to conduct a survey of secondary school students. The survey was conducted. SPSS 27.0 was used for descriptive and correlation analyses, PROCESS 4.1 for mediation effect analysis, and Bootstrap method for validation.

The detection rate of NSSI among secondary school students was 34.9%. Positive family upbringing style was positively correlated with professional psychological help-seeking attitude and negatively correlated with NSSI (r=0.308,-0.191, P<0.001); negative family upbringing style was negatively correlated with professional psychological help-seeking attitude and positively correlated with NSSI (r=-0.213, 0.310, P<0.001); and professional psychological help-seeking attitude was negatively correlated with NSSI (r=-0.190, P<0.001). Professional psychological help-seeking attitude played a partial mediating role between positive family parenting style, negative family parenting style and NSSI, and the mediating effect accounted for 28.76% and 8.87% of the total effect, respectively.

Professional psychological help-seeking attitude plays a mediating role between family parenting style and NSSI of secondary school students. Parents should adopt positive parenting styles and increase the motivation of secondary school students to seek professional psychological help, which can prevent and reduce the occurrence of NSSI.

To investigate the relationship of sleep duration and sleep quality with depression in young and middle-aged people in Tibet.

From May 2018 to August 2019, people aged 30 and above in Chengguan District of Lhasa City were selected by random cluster sampling method for questionnaire survey, and the independent and combined effects between sleep and depression was analyzed by multifactor logistic regression model.

A total of 5 510 young and middle-aged people aged 30-59 years old were included in the study. The age was (44.7 ± 8.5) years old, and 1.9% of them were defined with depression. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that shorter sleep duration and poor sleep quality were risk factors for depression in young and middle-aged people after adjusting for confounding factors. Compared with 8 hours of sleep duration daily, the OR (95% CI) of depression for those with sleep duration ≤ 6h and 7h were 3.51 (1.91-6.44) and 1.89 (1.06-3.37), respectively. The OR (95% CI) of depression was 2.24 (1.46-3.46) in the poor sleep quality group compared with those with good sleep quality. Subgroup analysis showed that male with sleep duration ≤6 h and female with sleep duration ≤7h were risk factors for depression. The association of sleep quality with depression was statistically significant in different gender groups. The combined effects of sleep duration and sleep quality were associated with depression, and sleep duration ≤6 h and poor sleep quality had the strongest association with depression (OR=7.43, 95%CI: 3.50-15.75).

Shorter sleep duration (≤7h) and poor sleep quality are associated with depression in young and middle-aged people at high altitude, and there is a combined effect. There are gender differences in the association of sleep duration with depression.

This study assesses the status and determinants of treatment delays among patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) in Guizhou Province, 2016-2022, aiming to inform the development of RR-TB control strategies in the region.

Data on RR-TB patients from 2016 to 2022 were extracted from the "Tuberculosis Management Information System," a subsystem of the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System." The trend in treatment delay rates over time was analyzed using Trend chi-square test, while logistic regression models were used to examine the factors influencing these delays.

From 2016 to 2022, Guizhou Province reported 513 cases of treatment delays among patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), resulting in a treatment delay rate of 23.29%. The rate of treatment delays decreased from 2016 to 2019 (Trend chi-square test=9.099, P=0.003), reaching its lowest in 2018 at 10.53%. However, from 2020 to 2022, the rate of treatment delays exhibited an upward trend (Trend chi-square test=5.937, P=0.015), peaking in 2021 at 31.62%. Multivariable analysis indicated that compared to migrant populations, patients undergoing initial treatment, and those tested with molecular biological drug sensitivity tests, non-migrant patients (OR=1.496, 95%CI=1.198 to 1.867), new patients (OR=1.774, 95%CI =1.344 to 2.342), patients with relapse (OR=1.494, 95%CI=1.110 to 2.011), and those tested using traditional drug sensitivity methods (OR=2.985, 95%CI=2.323 to 3.834) were at higher risk for treatment delays.

From 2016 to 2022, the overall trend of treatment delays in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) patients in Guizhou Province showed a decline. However, there was an increasing trend during the COVID-19 pandemic. This suggests a need to enhance the prevention and control of drug-resistant tuberculosis in key areas such as Bijie City. There is also a need to intensify health education for patients with drug resistance, implement patient-centered care systems for those patients, expand the application of molecular biological drug sensitivity testing techniques, and strengthen the referral and admission mechanisms for RR-TB patients.

To explore the longitudinal relationship between sleep condition and physical & mental health among Chinese adults and to provide a basis for improving sleep condition and preventing related chronic diseases.

Based on China Family Panel Studies data, sleep condition index was constructed using self-reported sleep time, quality and daytime function. Physiological health was measured using self-rated health, chronic diseases, physical discomfort and BMI values. Mental health was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. 15 187 adults in three periods (T0: 2016, T1: 2018, T2: 2020) were involved. Trend tests, Cross-lagged path models and robustness tests were used in this study.

There was a significant downward trend in the sleep time among Chinese adults (Z=-19.609, P<0.001). The rate of insufficient sleep showed a clear upward trend (Z=-11.542, P<0.001). Sleep quality (Z=8.594, P<0.001) and daytime function (Z=11.045, P<0.001) showed significant deterioration trends. Correlation analysis results showed that sleep condition at three time points was positively correlated with physical health (P<0.001) and mental health (P<0.001). Cross-lagged analysis results showed that T0 and T1 sleep condition positively predicted T1 and T2 physical health [β=0.108(95%CI:0.093-0.122), β=0.078(95%CI:0.063-0.092)] and mental health [β=0.113(95%CI:0.096-0.126), β=0.095(95%CI:0.105-0.136)], T0 and T1 physical health [β=0.111(95%CI:0.096-0.129), β=0.121(95%CI:0.078-0.111)] and mental health [β=0.132(95%CI:0.116-0.149), β=0.139 (95%CI:0.122-0.156)] each positively predicted T1 and T2 sleep condition. The cross-lagged analysis results were robust in subgroups.

There has been a significant and concerning decline in the sleep condition among Chinese adults. There is a bidirectional predictive relationship between sleep condition and physical & mental health across time points.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and effectiveness of varicella vaccine in Jinan.

We collected data of varicella surveillance in Jinan from 2006 to 2022 from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and vaccination data for children born during 2010-2021 form the Jinan Immunization Planning Information System. All reported varicella cases from 2006 to 2022 in Jinan were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods; Coverage and effectiveness of varicella vaccine for children born during 2010 to 2021 were conducted with the screening method.

61 145 cases of varicella were reported in Jinan during 2006—2022, yielding an annual average incidence of 51.82 per 100 000 population; the incidence ranged from 74.48 per 100 000 in 2008 to 28.47 per 100 000 in 2022.Peak varicella incidences occurred between April and June and between November and the following January. The highest incidence rate was 5-9 years old group from 2006—2016 and was 15-19 years old group from 2017 to 2022.Coverage levels for one doses was 77.32% in the 2010-2021births; the overall effectiveness of varicella vaccine was 91.83% (95%CI: 91.43%-92.30%). Coverage levels for two doses was 45.86% in the 2010—2018 births; the overall effectiveness of varicella vaccine was 95.14%(95%CI: 94.56%-95.66%).

The high incidence age group shifted from 5-9 years old to 15-19 years old. It was suggested that the vaccine administration should be used to targeted age groups. Levels of vaccine effectiveness for 2 doses of varicella vaccine were greater than levels of Vaccine effectiveness for one-doses. We suggest to introduce 2 dose of varicella vaccine into the national immunization program for children.

To analyze the monitoring data of rural drinking water quality and water supply project information in Gansu Province, and to provide a basis for the guarantee of rural drinking water health security.

Based on the water quality monitoring data of rural centralized water supply project in Gansu Province from 2018 to 2023, the water quality index evaluation method was used to compare the differences in water quality, and the chi-square test was used to compare the status of water supply projects in each year.

The results showed that the automatic monitoring system, the proportion of purification and disinfection facilities, and the comprehensive index of water quality in rural centralized water supply project in Gansu Province were improved, and the differences between each year were statistically significant (P<0.05). In the single monitoring index, the total standard rate of total coliforms in microbial index increased from 68.66% to 90.95% from 2018 to 2023, and the turbidity qualified rate in sensory index increased from 92.26% to 98.65%.

The rural drinking water supply situation in Gansu from 2018 to 2023 was improved, and the water quality was on the rise. It is necessary to continue to promote the scale and standardization construction of water supply project to ensure the health safety of drinking water.

To explore the association between gallstones and CVD among ethnic minority populations in Guizhou Province, as well as the mediating effect of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in this association, in order to provide reference suggestions for reducing the burden of CVD.

Based on the database of Cohort Study of Native Natural Population in Ethnic Minority Gathering Areas in Southwest China, stratified and multi-stage cluster sampling was used to conduct a baseline survey of ethnic minorities aged 30 - 79 years in Qiandongnan and Qiannan Prefectures of Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between gallstones and CVD, and the mediating effect model was used to evaluate the mediating effect of glomerular filtration rate in the association.

The detection rate of CVD in Guizhou minority population was 3.16 %, among which the detection rates of Dong, Miao and Buyi were 3.27%, 3.07 % and 3.12%, respectively. The total detection rate of gallstones was 9.03%. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for all the variables (model 3), the detection rates of CVD in the total population [OR（95%CI）: 1.633(1.269-2.102)], the Dong [OR（95%CI）: 1.567(1.077-2.280)], and Miao [OR（95%CI）: 1.679(1.055-2.673)], gallstones were positively associated with CVD. No association between gallstones and CVD was found in the Buyi population. Subgroup analysis showed that Dong patients with gallstones<60 years old were positively correlated with CVD [OR（95%CI）: 1.825(1.022-3.258)], gallstone patients without hyperlipidemia [OR（95%CI）: 2.151(1.352-3.422)], gallstone patients without hypertension [OR（95%CI）: 1.612(1.013-2.565)] were positively correlated with CVD. Miao≥60 years old [OR（95%CI）: 1.878(1.038-3.397)], male [OR（95%CI）: 1.546(1.212-5.586)], BMI≥24 [OR（95%CI）: 1.972(1.160-3.354)], gallstone patients with hypertension [OR（95%CI）: 2.264(1.297 - 5.429)] were positively correlated with CVD. Mediation analysis revealed that the glomerular filtration rate accounted for 16.96%, 12.08%, 17.43%, and 14.52% of the mediating effect between gallstones and CVD in the total population, Dong, Miao, and Buyi people, respectively.

Gallstones are positively correlated with CVD in the Dong and Miao populations in Guizhou Province, especially in the overweight and hypertension population of the Miao nationality. There is no association between gallstones and CVD in the Buyi population. Glomerular filtration rate has a partial mediating effect between gallstones and CVD.

To explore the mediating effect of depression between life self-care ability and frailty.

Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression model and Bootstrap repeated sampling method were used to analyse the relationships and mediating effects between activity of daily living, depression and frailty.

A total of 1 554 middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 years or older were included. The prevalence of debility was 14.1%, with a self-care score of 5.9±0.4 and a depression score of 9.4±6.0. Activity of daily living was significantly negatively correlated with depression and frailty (r=-0.14, r=-0.23, both P<0.001), and depression and frailty were positively correlated (r=0.34, P< 0.001). Activity of daily living (β=-0.164, P<0.001) and depression (β=0.013, P< 0.001) were influences on frailty, and depression partially mediated the relationship between activity of daily living and frailty, with a mediating effect of 12.17%.

Depression reduces the ameliorative effect of self-care ability on debility.

To explore the current situation and influencing factors of the family burden of patients with severe mental disorders.

The main guardians of 715 patients with severe mental disorders in Qingyang City were selected as the research object by the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was applied to investigate the guardian’s demographic data, family situation, health status, patient demographic data, and disease treatment. The current situation of family burden was investigated by the Family Burden Scale (FBS). Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to analyze the influencing factors of family burden for patients with severe mental disorders.

The total FBS score was 22.36±13.11, and the burden of medium and above accounted for 50.57%. The financial burden on the family was the heaviest. The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the patient’s education level, marital status, monthly medication expenses, current condition, medication adherence, medical security, guardian’s health status, relationship with the patient, cohabitation time, and monthly family income were the influencing factors of family burden (P<0.05).

The family burden of patients with serious mental disorders in Qingyang City is relatively heavy. Families with unstable patient conditions, high monthly medication expenses, low household income, guardians in sub-health or suffering from chronic disease, and long-term living with the patient require further attention. Providing these families with assistance and support is essential to alleviating their burden.