To understand the concentration of formaldehyde pollution in indoor air of four types of public places in Shijiazhuang City, and to assess the chronic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of employees in various types of places.

Using the monitoring data of health hazards in public places, we analyzed the concentration levels of formaldehyde in the indoor air of swimming pools, barber stores, beauty stores, and hotels in Shijiazhuang City in 2021-2022, and evaluated the chronic non-cancer and cancer risks of formaldehyde for employees in the above four types of public places by adopting the classic "four-step" health risk assessment model of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).

From 2021 to 2022, a total of 169 swimming pools, barber stores, beauty stores and hotels were randomly selected, with a total sample size of 485 formaldehyde tests, and the overall pass rate was 91.34%. The pass rate of formaldehyde concentration in the indoor air of swimming pools in the above four types of public places was 100%(161/161), 93.10%(27/29) for barber stores, 90.09%(20/22) for beauty stores and 86.08%(235/273) for guesthouses(hotels), with statistically significant differences(χ²=24.931, P<0.001); the mean value of the HQ of the chronic non-carcinogenic effect of formaldehyde for practitioners in swimming pools was less than 1, and that for practitioners in the other three types of public places was greater than 1, and swimming pools, Hairdressers, beauty stores, and hotels, the cancer risk values of formaldehyde for employees were 1.90×10^-5, 8.19×10^-5, 1.13×10^-4, and 5.63×10^-5, respectively, which were higher than the limit value(1×10^-6) set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).

Exposure to formaldehyde in the indoor air of swimming pools in Shijiazhuang City doesn’t exceed the threshold for adverse reactions, and the chronic non-carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde for practitioners in this type of venue is low.There was a certain amount of chronic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for practitioners in barber stores, beauty stores, and guesthouses, and the risk value of formaldehyde for practitioners in the beauty category of venues is the highest, and it should be analyzed in further studies.

To discuss the correlation between urinary metal elements and kidney stones in Miao population in Guizhou Province since there are few studies on the association between urine metal concentration and the risk of kidney stones in ethnic minorities.

In this study, 3 933 Miao people were sampled from the cohort database of natural populations living in ethnic minority areas in southwest China, and the concentrations of urine metals(arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, strontium, vanadium and zinc) were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The urinary metal concentration was divided into four groups: Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, and the relationship between the exposure of a single metal to the risk of kidney stones was analyzed by binary logistic regression model, and the dose-response relationship between the concentration of monometals and the risk of kidney stones was explored by restriction cubic spline.

The detection rate of kidney stones of Miao ethnic group in Guizhou Province was 20.59%, the detection rate of male was 18.27%, and the detection rate of female was 22.02%. The results of the binary logistic regression model showed that when the covariate was not adjusted. In Miao women, after adjusting the covariate, the Q1 exposure group was used as the reference, and the chromium Q4 group(OR=0.534, 95% CI: 0.337-0.846) was used. Lead Q3 group(OR=0.546, 95% CI: 0.400-0.745); Lead Q4 group(OR=0.657, 95% CI: 0.482-0.895) was negatively correlated with the risk of kidney stones. In Miao men, after adjusting for covariates, manganese Q4 group(OR=1.911, 95% CI: 1.274-2.867) was positively correlated with the risk of kidney stones. Further restriction cubic spline analysis showed that there was a dose-response relationship between urine chromium and the risk of kidney stones in Miao women(P<0.05). There was no dose-response relationship between urine lead and the risk of kidney stones(P>0.05), and in Miao men, there was a dose-response relationship between urinary manganese and the risk of kidney stones(P<0.05).

Heavy metals in urine affect kidney stones which supports the view that metal exposure plays a role in the development of kidney stones.

To establish a model for predicting the risk of visual disability in patients with diabetic retinopathy and verify it externally.

A total of 383 DR Patients who received ophthalmology treatment in a tertiary eye hospital in Anhui Province from April to December 2022 were conveniently selected as the modeling group to construct a visual disability risk prediction model and test the prediction effect. It was convenient to select 165 patients with diabetic retinopathy from January 2023 to April 2023 in this hospital as the verification group for external verification.

The incidence of visual disability in the modeling group was 51.70%. Gender, living style, whether suffering from other chronic diseases, regular revisit, DR Stage, number of diseased eyes, intraocular pressure value and family history of diabetes were the influencing factors(P< 0.05). The final regression equation was as follows: Logit(P) =－8.825+0.797×sex－0.874×residence style+1.504×whether you have other chronic diseases－0.871×whether you have regular follow－up visits +0.743×DR Stage+1.250×number of diseased eyes+0.166×intraocular pressure value +0.920×family history of diabetes. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the modeling group showed that x²=12.861, P=0.117, area under ROC curve was 0.838, 95% CI(0.795, 0.882), sensitivity was 0.737, specificity was 0.809. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the verification group showed that x²=15.141, P=0.056, area under ROC curve was 0.785, 95%CI was 0.704 - 0.866, sensitivity was 0.795, specificity was 0.727, accuracy was 75.76%.

The prediction effect of this model is good, and it can provide reference for clinical evaluation of the risk of visual disability in diabetic retinopathy patients.

To measure the health human resource demand of maternal and child health institutions in China, and to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of maternal and child health human resource allocation.

The data of health personnel in maternal and child health care institutions from 2018 to 2022 were used, the health human resource density index was used to analyze the change trend of the allocation level of maternal and child health human resources in China from 2017 to 2021, and the actual demand, shortage and proportion of health personnel in maternal and child health institutions in 2021 were calculated. At the same time, global and local spatial autocorrelation was used to explore the spatial characteristics of the allocation level of maternal and child health human resources.

From 2017 to 2021, the density index of health personnel in maternal and child health institutions in China increased year by year, but the LISA diagram showed that the allocation of human resources among provinces was uneven, showing a ’east-west’ differentiation distribution. In 2021, the number of practicing(assistant) physicians per thousand population, registered nurses per thousand population, pharmacists per thousand population and technicians per thousand population in China were 11.30, 14.91, 1.31 and 2.73, respectively, and the ratio of doctors to nurses was 1∶1.32. The Global Moran index and Local Moran index of each health human resource index were greater than 0.

The number of health human resources in maternal and child health institutions in China is increasing, but the inter-regional allocation is not balanced. The internal structure of resource allocation needs to be optimized, and there is obvious spatial aggregation of the same attribute in resource allocation.

To understand the changes of height and growth retardation of students in nutrition improvement plan areas from 2012 to 2021 since the implementation of "Nutrition Improvement Plan for Students receiving Compulsory Education in Rural areas" in 2011, so as to provide a theoretical basis for better improvement of students’ health status and further decision-making.

The stratified cluster sampling method was used to evaluate nutritional status of the students in the monitored schools in Hebei Province by physical examination, monitoring their height and calculating the growth retardation rate.

In 2021, the average height of male and female students in the same age group increased by 3.62cm and 2.65cm on average compared with 2012. The height increase of boys and girls in the same age group was statistically different (all P<0.01). From 2012 to 2021, the peak of average height increase for boys was between the ages of 12 and 13, with an added value of 5.7cm, while that of girls was between the age of 11 and 12, with an added value of 4.3cm. From 2012 to 2021, the growth retarding rates of boys and girls decreased year by year, and the Chi-square linear trend test showed that the difference was statistically significant (Chi-square linear trend test all P<0.005).

From 2012 to 2021, the average height of students aged 6 to 15 years old in the areas under the nutrition improvement plan of rural students in our province increased. However, since the baseline data in 2012 was higher than the national level in rural areas, the height has tended to be stable in recent years, so the average growth rate of students is lower than the national level, and the growth retardation rate of students shows a decreasing trend year by year, and the growth retardation rate is lower than the national average level.

To evaluate the association between abnormal renal function indicators (SUA and eGFR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Based on 2017-2021 Beijing Health Management Cohort, the cross-lagged panel model was used to investigate the causal temporal relationship between abnormal SUA and glomerular filtration rate and the onset of NAFLD.

(1) Increased SUA and NAFLD: ① Path coefficients from baseline SUA to follow-up HSI were statistically significant in both the general population (β=0.018, 95% CI: 0.003-0.032) and BMI≥24 kg/m² (β=0.051, 95% CI: 0.032-0.070), but not the other way around. ② Path coefficients from baseline SUA to follow-up HSI (β=0.048, 95% CI: 0.028-0.068) and baseline HSI to follow-up SUA (β=0.023, 95% CI: 0.005-0.041) were statistically significant in BMI<24 kg/m². (2) eGFR abnormalities and NAFLD: ① Path coefficients from baseline HSI to follow-up eGFR were statistically significant in both the general population (β=0.024, 95% CI: 0.012-0.036) and BMI≥24 kg/m² population (β=0.035, 95% CI: 0.018-0.052), but not the other way around. ② In BMI<24 kg/m², the path coefficients from baseline eGFR to follow-up HSI and baseline HSI to follow-up eGFR were not statistically significant.

In the general population and BMI≥24 kg/m², the abnormal SUA is earlier than the incidence of NAFLD, and the incidence of NAFLD may affect the subsequent glomerular filtration rate. In people with normal BMI, the onset of NAFLD is associated with elevated SUA, but not with abnormal glomerular filtration rate.

To describe children’s unhealthy eating behavior, to explore the influence of individual and family factors on children’s unhealthy eating behavior, and to provide suggestions for children’s health education and promotion.

By using the method of random cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 452 fifth-grade students and their parents from 16 medium-sized primary schools in 4 administrative regions of Beijing.

The percentage of consumption frequency of sugary beverages, sweets, and fried puffed foods ≥ 4 days per week was 13.1%, 19.3%, and 11.0%,respectively. The results of multiple linear regression showed that the stronger ability of perceptual behavior control in personal factors (β=-0.17, P<0.01), stronger subjective supervision in family factors (β=-0.15, P<0.01), less food reserve (β=-0.14, P<0.01), and better parents’ dietary behavior (β=0.14, P<0.01) were associated with better eating behavior.

Children’s unhealthy eating behavior is affected by many family factors. Health education for parents and control and intervention of children’s unhealthy eating behavior should be strengthened.

To study the effect of short-term antibiotics cocktail exposure on the intestinal flora induced by azomethane (AOM) in mice.

Forty male ICR mice aged 3 to 4 weeks were randomly divided into control group (Control group), AOM group (AOM group), antibiotic group (Abx group), and antibiotic + AOM group (AbxAOM group). During the gavage period, AbxAOM group and Abx group were administered with antibiotic solution, meanwile Control group and AOM group were administrated with corresponding volume of pure water twice a day for 2 weeks. During the period of intraperitoneal injection,AOM group and AbxAOM group were intraperitoneally injected with AOM solution, the Abx group and Control group were intraperitoneally injected with sterile 0.9% NaCl solution once a week for 4 weeks. The feces of mice were collected 5 weeks after intraperitoneal injection, and the intestinal flora of feces was analyzed by 16SrRNA sequencing.

The Chao1 index and ACE index in AbxAOM group were higher than those in AOM group. Compared with AOM group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in AbxAOM group was significantly higher (P<0.05), while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly lower at the phylum level (P<0.05). Compared with AOM group, the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Prevotella in AbxAOM group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Alistipes, Clostridium XIVa and Blautia increased significantly at the genus level (P<0.05).

The changes of intestinal flora after antibiotic treatment suggest that specific microbial groups rather than single strains may play an important role in the occurrence and development of CRC induced by AOM in mice.

To systematically evaluate the risk of estrogen use and ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women.

PubMed, Cochrane, Embase databases and Chinese databases such as CNKI, VIP, and Wan fang were searched by computer. Studies on the correlation between estrogen replacement therapy and ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women up until January 2023 were collected. The methodological quality of the study was evaluated by Stata software and the effective data were extracted for meta-analysis. We used the odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CIs) to evaluate the relationship between hormone replacement therapy and ovarian cancer. When there was statistical heterogeneity between studies (P≤0.1 and I²≥ 40%), random effect model was used for meta-analysis; otherwise, fixed effect model was used for analysis.

A total of 14 retrospective studies including 10 cohort studies and 4 case-control studies were identified. Meta-analysis showed that postmenopausal estrogen therapy increased the risk of ovarian cancer in women (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.14-1.43). Stratified analysis showed that there was no significant increase in the risk of ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women who took estrogen for less than 5 years (OR=1.04, 95%CI: 0.90-1.20). Postmenopausal women who received estrogen treatment for 5 to 10 years had a significantly increased risk of developing ovarian cancer (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.06-1.53). Postmenopausal women who had been treated with estrogen for more than 10 years had a significantly increased risk of ovarian cancer (OR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.42-2.02).

The risk of ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women treated with estrogen replacement therapy is related to the course of estrogen therapy. There is no significant increase in the risk of ovarian cancer within 5 years, but the risk of ovarian cancer is significantly increased when the course of treatment exceeds 5 years.

To explore the effect of self-esteem on depression of left-behind children in rural areas, and to investigate the mediating effect of social anxiety and loneliness.

A total of 779 rural left-behind children (422 boys and 357 girls) in northern Jiangsu were selected by cluster random sampling. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the use of self-esteem scale, social anxiety scale for children, children’s loneliness scale and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale. The multiple mediating effects were analyzed by structural equation model test.

The self-esteem of left-behind children in rural areas was negatively correlated with social anxiety, loneliness, and depression (r=-0.38, -0.27, and -0.43, P <0.001), while social anxiety was positively correlated with loneliness and depression of left-behind children (r=0.25 and 0.50,P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between loneliness and depression of left-behind children (r= 0.28, P < 0.001). Multiple mediating effect model analysis showed that social anxiety and loneliness could independently mediate the relationship between self-esteem and depression of left-behind children in rural areas, and the mediating effect values were -0.079(95%CI: -0.131 to -0.017) and -0.165 (95%CI: -0.253 to -0.110), respectively. It also played a chain mediating role through the intermediary chain of “social anxiety-loneliness”, and the mediating effect value was -0.124 (95%CI: -0.177 to -0.092).

The self-esteem of rural left-behind children can significantly reduce the level of social anxiety and loneliness, thus reducing the risk of depression of left-behind children.