To investigate the effects of combined exposure to benzene mixture and noise on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in male workers.

This study focused on 1 283 male workers from a bus manufacturing company. A total of 889 workers exposed occupational noise were in the noise exposure group, and 394 workers exposed to both benzene mixture and noise were in the combined exposure group. Pure-tone air conduction threshold tests were conducted on both groups at six frequencies: 500 Hz, 1 000 Hz, 2 000 Hz, 3 000 Hz, 4 000 Hz, and 6 000 Hz. Then the differences in high-frequency and speech-frequency hearing loss between the two groups were compared and the impact of age, work experience, body mass index(BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and exposure factors on hearing loss was analyzed.

The high-frequency and speech-frequency hearing loss in the combined exposure group were significantly higher than the noise group(P<0.01). As age increased, the detection rate of hearing loss also increased among the workers(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise, age ≥40 years, work experience ≥20 years, and alcohol consumption were the risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise, age ≥40 years, and work experience of 10-20 years were the risk factors for speech-frequency hearing loss(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise increased the risk of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) among the workers(OR for high-frequency=1.974, OR for speech-frequency=13.086).

Combined exposure to benzene and noise may have a synergistic effect on NIHL.

To analyze the influencing factors of condom use frequency and multiple sexual partners(two variables reflecting risky sexual behavior) among HIV-infected women of childbearing age in Xinjiang, and to explore the mediating effect of the "discrimination perception-anxiety-risky sexual behavior" path.

From September 2021 to September 2022, 231 HIV-infected women of childbearing age were selected from designated antiviral treatment institutions in Xinjiang Province by convenient sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted among them, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to condom use and multiple sexual partners per sexual act. ROC curve and AUC value were used to evaluate the model effect. AMOS software was used to establish the mediating effect model of the discrimination-anxiety-risky behavior path.

Among the 231 participants, 25.41% were infected with multiple sexual partners, 36.4% used condoms every time they had sex, 47.6% were protected, and 52.4% were mild or vulnerable. Unclear HIV infection status of sexual partners(OR=12.515, 95% CI: 3.088-50.724), high perception of discrimination(OR=1.103, 95% CI: 1.052 -1.156) were risk factors for multiple sexual partners, and medication compliance was good(OR=0.338, 95% CI: 0.149-0.763) as a protective factor for multiple sexual partners; HIV positive OR unknown sexual partner(95% CI:0.049-0.499), rural domicile(OR=0.477, 95% CI:0.260-0.877), anxiety(OR=0.973, 95% CI:0.949-0.997) were the relevant factors for condom use; "Discrimination perception" could indirectly affect "risky sexual behavior" through "anxiety", and the indirect effect size of this path was 0.031, accounting for 10.8% of the total effect.

Low frequency of condom use and multiple sexual partners in HIV infected women of childbearing age in Xinjiang Province lead to the occurrence of risky sexual behaviors.

To describe the incidence of adverse birth outcomes in AIDS-infected parturients in Anhui province, and to analyze the effects of antiretroviral treatment, complications during pregnancy, and other socio-demographic factors on adverse birth outcomes.

Information of all HIV-infected mothers and their newborns in Anhui province from 2011 to 2023 was collected from the National Direct Reporting Information System for the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of AIDS, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B. The risk factors of adverse birth outcomes among HIV-infected mothers were analyzed by Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis.

In Anhui Province, the incidence of at least one adverse birth outcome, preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth/neonatal death, and birth defect was 13.9%, 9.0%, 8.2%, 2.6%, and 0.3%, respectively. The risk of total adverse birth outcomes was higher in AIDS-infected women with higher education (OR=2.770, 95% CI: 1.043-7.354), farmers (OR=2.877, 95% CI: 1.454-5.692), and moderate to severe anemia (OR=4.053, 95% CI: 1.411-11.643). Higher education level (OR=3.815, 95% CI: 1.145-12.705), occupation as a farmer (OR=2.763, 95% CI: 1.228-6.218), pregnancy combined with diabetes (OR=2.546, 95% CI: 1.025-6.325) promoted premature birth; The risk of low birth weight was higher in farmers (OR=2.626, 95% CI: 1.108-6.224), taking anti-HIV drugs (OR=12.949, 95% CI: 1.209-138.725), moderate to severe anemia (OR=4.281, 95% CI: 1.288-14.224) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR=4.880, 95% CI: 1.207-19.735). First marriage/divorce/widowhood (OR=0.264, 95% CI: 0.108-0.646) was associated with a lower risk of low birth weight than unmarried/cohabiting individuals. The effect of syphilis in pregnancy on stillbirth/neonatal death was statistically significant (OR=32.795, 95% CI: 1.178-913.003).

Further interventions are needed to improve pregnancy outcomes for women living with HIV.

To understand the concentration of formaldehyde pollution in indoor air of four types of public places in Shijiazhuang City, and to assess the chronic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of employees in various types of places.

Using the monitoring data of health hazards in public places, we analyzed the concentration levels of formaldehyde in the indoor air of swimming pools, barber stores, beauty stores, and hotels in Shijiazhuang City in 2021-2022, and evaluated the chronic non-cancer and cancer risks of formaldehyde for employees in the above four types of public places by adopting the classic "four-step" health risk assessment model of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).

From 2021 to 2022, a total of 169 swimming pools, barber stores, beauty stores and hotels were randomly selected, with a total sample size of 485 formaldehyde tests, and the overall pass rate was 91.34%. The pass rate of formaldehyde concentration in the indoor air of swimming pools in the above four types of public places was 100%(161/161), 93.10%(27/29) for barber stores, 90.09%(20/22) for beauty stores and 86.08%(235/273) for guesthouses(hotels), with statistically significant differences(χ²=24.931, P<0.001); the mean value of the HQ of the chronic non-carcinogenic effect of formaldehyde for practitioners in swimming pools was less than 1, and that for practitioners in the other three types of public places was greater than 1, and swimming pools, Hairdressers, beauty stores, and hotels, the cancer risk values of formaldehyde for employees were 1.90×10^-5, 8.19×10^-5, 1.13×10^-4, and 5.63×10^-5, respectively, which were higher than the limit value(1×10^-6) set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).

Exposure to formaldehyde in the indoor air of swimming pools in Shijiazhuang City doesn’t exceed the threshold for adverse reactions, and the chronic non-carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde for practitioners in this type of venue is low.There was a certain amount of chronic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for practitioners in barber stores, beauty stores, and guesthouses, and the risk value of formaldehyde for practitioners in the beauty category of venues is the highest, and it should be analyzed in further studies.

To investigate the status of heavy metal pollution in lotus root samples in Shandong Province and to assess the health risk.

A total of 1 927 lotus root samples were collected by stratified random sampling method in 16 cities of Shandong Province. According to GB 5009.2682016 "Determination of Multi-elements in Food" and GB 5009.172014 "Determination of Total Mercury and Organic Mercury in Food", the contents of lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic in lotus root were determined and analyzed. The pollution index method was used to assess the pollution status of heavy metals in lotus roots, and the target hazard coefficient method and total target hazard coefficient method were used to quantitatively assess the health risks of heavy metals in lotus root to human health.

The four heavy metals in lotus root in Shandong Province were detected to varying degrees. The average values of lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic were 0.017 4, 0.004 6, 0.001 8, and 0.029 9 mg/kg, respectively. A total of 42 samples exceeding the standard were collected from 1 927 samples in this study, with an overall eligibility rate of 97.82%. The pollution index and comprehensive pollution index of the four heavy metals in lotus root were all lower than 0.7. The THQ and TTHQ values of the four heavy metals in adults and children were all less than 1.

The overall level of heavy metals in lotus roots in Shandong Province is relatively low. The health risks caused by heavy metals exposed by residents consuming lotus root are at an acceptable level, so it is suggested to continuously monitor the level of heavy metals in lotus root and evaluate its health risk.

To discuss the correlation between urinary metal elements and kidney stones in Miao population in Guizhou Province since there are few studies on the association between urine metal concentration and the risk of kidney stones in ethnic minorities.

In this study, 3 933 Miao people were sampled from the cohort database of natural populations living in ethnic minority areas in southwest China, and the concentrations of urine metals(arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, strontium, vanadium and zinc) were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The urinary metal concentration was divided into four groups: Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, and the relationship between the exposure of a single metal to the risk of kidney stones was analyzed by binary logistic regression model, and the dose-response relationship between the concentration of monometals and the risk of kidney stones was explored by restriction cubic spline.

The detection rate of kidney stones of Miao ethnic group in Guizhou Province was 20.59%, the detection rate of male was 18.27%, and the detection rate of female was 22.02%. The results of the binary logistic regression model showed that when the covariate was not adjusted. In Miao women, after adjusting the covariate, the Q1 exposure group was used as the reference, and the chromium Q4 group(OR=0.534, 95% CI: 0.337-0.846) was used. Lead Q3 group(OR=0.546, 95% CI: 0.400-0.745); Lead Q4 group(OR=0.657, 95% CI: 0.482-0.895) was negatively correlated with the risk of kidney stones. In Miao men, after adjusting for covariates, manganese Q4 group(OR=1.911, 95% CI: 1.274-2.867) was positively correlated with the risk of kidney stones. Further restriction cubic spline analysis showed that there was a dose-response relationship between urine chromium and the risk of kidney stones in Miao women(P<0.05). There was no dose-response relationship between urine lead and the risk of kidney stones(P>0.05), and in Miao men, there was a dose-response relationship between urinary manganese and the risk of kidney stones(P<0.05).

Heavy metals in urine affect kidney stones which supports the view that metal exposure plays a role in the development of kidney stones.

To further investigate the risk factors of Hyperuricemia(HUA) using Mendelian randomization study and its causal relationship, and to lay the theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of hyperuricemia.

In the first, we regarded the HUA-related factors as the exposure and the uric acid as outcomes, and two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was made based on the data from genome-wide association study concerning European populations. Then, the variable possibly bearing a cause and effect relationship to the outcomes in the Mendelian study was further analyzed by multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis to determine the independent influence of the variables on the outcomes.

Two-sample Mendelian randomization study results showed that the increase in the body mass index, the triglycerides level and the pork consumption and the decrease in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol could lead to the increase in the uric acid. Multivariate Mendelian randomization study results showed that the causality between the three factors including BMI(b=0.246, P=8.89×10^-9), HDL(b=-0.074, P=0.046) and TG(b=0.145, P=7.32×10^-5) and UA still held, while causality between pork consumption and UA showed no statistical significance(b=-0.074, P=0.096).

Body mass index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride have a causal relationship with uric acid.

To understand the characteristics of atmospheric PM_2.5 pollution elements and their health risk assessment in Zhuhai in recent years, in order to provide relevant basis for pollution control in Zhuhai.

From April 2020 to March 2023, PM_2.5 samples were collected on a monthly basis in three administrative regions of Zhuhai City, with a total of 756 samples obtained. The elemental contents in PM_2.5 were analysed by ICP-MS.The health risks were calculated using the US EPA inhalation exposure model.

Monthly analysis of PM_2.5 samples in Zhuhai within the range of 34 elements.The mass concentrations of most elements were low in summer and high in winter.The annual average concentration of heavy metal elements in the three years of monitoring, from highest to lowest, was Zn(64.1 ng/m³) >Mn(14.22 ng/m³) >Pb(10.9 ng/m³) >Cu(6.57 ng/m³) >As(2.41 ng/m³) >Ni(1.91 ng/m³) >V(1.83 ng/m³) >Cr(1.62 ng/m³) >Sb(1.21 ng/m³) >Cd(0.54 ng/m³) >Tl(0.13 ng/m³)>Co(0.12 ng/m³)>Hg(4.88×10^-3ng/m³).Compared with previous studies in Zhuhai, the mass concentration of each element has decreased, but Sb, Al, As, Cr, Ni and Se had a trend of rising again.A health assessment was conducted on 6 carcinogenic elements Cr, Co, Ni, As, Mo and Cd, as well as 10 non carcinogenic elements Al, V, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, Sb, Ba, Hg, and Pb. The results showed that the risk of non carcinogenic elements was at an acceptable level for the population(HQ≤1). Cr and As had a carcinogenic risk(R>10^-6).

The health risks of non carcinogenic elements PM_2.5 in the atmosphere of Zhuhai City are all at an acceptable level for the population. Cr and As pose a cancer risk and require special attention. From the perspective of element mass concentration, fuel and transportation pollution are still the key points of governance.

To analyze the hemoglobin (Hb) levels and anemia status of students in the Fujian Province Nutrition Improvement Plan area from 2021 to 2022, and to analyze their influencing factors.

A total of 8 895 students were selected for the study using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. According to the WHO anemia diagnostic criteria, the Hb levels and anemia rates of students of different ages and genders were analyzed, and the logistic regression models was used to analyze possible influencing factors of anemia.

From 2021 to 2022, the average Hb of students in rural nutrition improvement plan areas in Fujian Province was 134.44g/L, and the anemia rate was 7.21%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female students (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.28-1.78), schools located in townships or villages (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.71-1.91), schools with unified recipes provided by the education bureau (OR=3.80, 95%CI: 1.62-8.92), schools that have not conducted health education (OR=1.54, 95% CI: 0.09-0.62) and students who do not know how to prevent iron deficiency anemia (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.63) were risk factors for anemia among students; School canteens that provide meat at least 3 times a week for lunch (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.56-0.99), students who consume more than 14 table tennis balls per week (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.62-0.98), and students who consume ≥ 3 types of vegetables per day (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.89) were protective factors for anemia in students.

The anemia rate of students in rural compulsory education student nutrition improvement plan areas in Fujian Province is lower than the average level of implementing the national student nutrition improvement plan, but significantly higher than the anemia rate of children aged 6-17 nationwide. There is still great room for improvement in the anemia status of students, and targeted interventions are needed in future work to improve their anemia status.

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Social Connectedness Scale-Revised(SCS-R) in order to provide correct way of its application among psychiatric patients.

A convenience sampling method was employed to select 345 patients with different types of mental disorders from K Hospital in Shenzhen. The patients’ general demographic information and disease conditions were collected, and Chinese version SCS-R was used to assess their social connectedness status. Cronbach α and split-half reliability were calculated to evaluate the reliability of SCS-R. Structural, convergent, discriminant, and discriminative validity were performed to measure the validity. The sample was randomly divided into half, exploratory factor analysis was used to explore the internal dimension of SCS-R, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the scale structure explored and compared with the other three existing scale structures.

The Cronbach α coefficients for the total scale, social connectedness, non-social connectedness, and integration sense sub scales were 0.922, 0.904, 0.887 and 0.740, respectively. The split-half coefficients were 0.908, 0.918, 0.875 and 0.760, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis identified a three-factor structure, and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale structure developed in this study had a better fit than the other three and could explain 62.253% of the total variance. Both convergent validity and discriminant validity had success rates of calibration experiment as 100%. The correlation coefficients indicated good discriminative validity for the three dimensions of the scale.

The Chinese version of the SCS-R scale has shown good reliability and validity among psychiatric patients, making it suitable for evaluating the social connectedness of this population.