To examine the impact of aerobic exercise training on the structures of gut microbiota in female drug addiction individuals, a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention was conducted with 100 female participants who have a history of drug dependence. Stool samples were collected from the subjects before and after the exercise intervention, and the composition of the gut microbiota before and after exercise was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in female addicted populations taking different types of drugs. The results indicate that a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention induces significant changes in the species diversity and abundance of dominant genera within the gut microbiota of female drug addiction individuals. The principal component analysis revealed significant difference in the structures of the gut microbiota between the traditional drug intervention group and the novel drug intervention group, both before and after exercise. At the class, order, and family levels, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in species composition between pre-and post-exercise samples within the traditional drug intervention group (MC group). Specifically, there was a notable increase in the abundance of Actinobacteria at the class level and Coriobacteriaceae at the family level following exercise. In the novel drug intervention group (MX group), significant differences（P<0.05）were also noted at the family and order levels between pre- and post-exercise samples. Post-exercise, there was a marked increase in the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae at the family level and Bifidobacteriales at the order level. This study offers a comprehensive gut microbiota reference for exercise interventions aimed at enhancing the physical and mental health of female individuals with drug addiction.

Zinc-azithromycin is commonly utilized for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The effect of zinc-azithromycin on gut microbiota in vitro was explored to provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application. The effects of zinc-azithromycin on gut microbiota community and short chain fatty acids were inspected via in vitro fermentation, metagenomic sequencing, and gas chromatography. The results indicated that Zinc-azithromycin increased the relative abundance of Klebsiella, Rahnella, Pantoea, and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Megamonas and Bifidobacterium. Zinc-azithromycin also significantly altered the metabolism pathway, the abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes, and the content of short chain fatty acids of the gut microbiota, which might potentially have negative effects on human health.

Microbial remediation methods are widely used because of their environmental friendliness and efficiency. Most microorganisms are in the Viable but Non-culturable (VBNC) state under natural conditions, and only about 1% of microorganisms can be purely cultured. Resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf), a cellular active factor produced by bacteria, can promote the resuscitation of VBNC state bacteria to a culturable state. The generation mechanism of bacterial VBNC state, the function and biological activity of Rpf protein were reviewed in this paper. The application of Rpf in environmental remediation and its challenge difficulties were also discussed in order to provide new ideas for the development of microbial remediation technology.

Zinc uptake regulator (Zur) is a transcriptional regulator of the ferric uptake regulator (FUR) superfamily, which exists in the form of dimers or multimers in most bacteria. Zur contains a conserved DNA-binding domain and Zn²⁺-binding domain, the latter is essential for Zur to recognize and bind Zn²⁺. Zn²⁺ acting as a cofactor can change the conformation of Zur and affecting its DNA binding ability to regulate the expression of zinc transporter-related genes to maintain zinc homeostasis in bacteria. Increasing studies have shown that Zur can be involved in a wide range of metabolic pathways directly or indirectly. By regulating the expression of key genes involved in metabolic pathways, Zur helps bacteria to respond effectively to the external environmental changes, and it is an important component for the bacterial metabolic regulatory network. This article reviews the research progress of Zur in molecular structure, Zn²⁺ response regulation, regulation of bacterial secondary metabolism, toxicity production and stress response to help researchers gain a more comprehensive understanding and in-depth exploration of the potential functions of Zur in the complex process of bacterial metabolism regulation.

Bacterial biofilm (BF) refers to the biological community formed through bacterial attachment and subsequent secretion accumulation on various surfaces, such as soil, rock, and plant rhizosphere. In natural habitats, microorganisms commonly adopt a biofilm lifestyle as an adaptive strategy to navigate through dynamic and intricate environmental conditions. This paper mainly introduced the composition and formation process of bacterial biofilm, sorted out the ecological function of bacterial biofilm, reviewed the interaction mechanism of multi-species biofilm, and prospected the future research directions in this field. This article is expected to provide theoretical guidance for the application of bacterial biofilm in agricultural production and environmental protection.

Sphingan, a class of biopolymers with high-molecular-weight exopolysaccharides synthesized as secondary metabolites by Sphingomonas species, has garnered considerable attention due to their versatile functional properties and wide-ranging applications. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the structure-function relationships of three representative sphingans, including Gellan Gum, Welan Gum, and Sanxan Gum, with a focus on their unique rheological behavior, gelation mechanisms, and bioactive characteristics. The influence of environmental factors, such as temperature, pH, and ionic composition, on their physicochemical properties is systematically analyzed, providing insights into their adaptive functionalities. To address production scalability challenges, this review outlines critical strategies for enhancing sphingan biosynthesis, encompassing strain improvement through mutagenesis and genetic engineering, metabolic pathway optimization, and fermentation intensification. A promising avenue for sustainable production is the utilization of agricultural and industrial waste streams as alternative carbon sources, which not only reduces costs but also aligns with circular economy principles. Furthermore, the review examines the applications of sphingans in food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and the petroleum industry, highlighting their broad industrial relevance. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on structural modifications, functional enhancements, and innovative applications in emerging high-value sectors. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of sphingans, connecting fundamental insights with practical advancements, and offers a foundation for their broader commercialization and application.

With the continuous advancement of new engineering education concepts, Environmental Microbiology, as an important interdisciplinary discipline, plays an important role in cultivating high-quality engineering and technical personnel with innovative ability and practical skills. Therefore, Tianjin College of University of Science and Technology Beijing has introduced instructional Design model, ADDIE teaching Design model is introduced, ADDIE is an acronym for analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The aim is to improve the teaching quality and students' learning effect of Environmental Microbiology experiment course through systematic teaching design and implementation. Taking the undergraduate students majoring in environmental engineering of Tianjin College of University of Science and Technology Beijing as the target, the teaching reform is carried out by using ADDIE teaching design model combined with online platforms such as micro-assistant and virtual simulation. The research results demonstrate that the application of ADDIE teaching design model significantly improves students' experimental operation ability and problem-solving ability, and students' theoretical knowledge is more solid. It provides not only an effective reference for the teaching reform of environmental microbiology experiment course, but also a useful reference for the exploration of innovative teaching mode of other related courses.