To examine the impact of aerobic exercise training on the structures of gut microbiota in female drug addiction individuals, a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention was conducted with 100 female participants who have a history of drug dependence. Stool samples were collected from the subjects before and after the exercise intervention, and the composition of the gut microbiota before and after exercise was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in female addicted populations taking different types of drugs. The results indicate that a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention induces significant changes in the species diversity and abundance of dominant genera within the gut microbiota of female drug addiction individuals. The principal component analysis revealed significant difference in the structures of the gut microbiota between the traditional drug intervention group and the novel drug intervention group, both before and after exercise. At the class, order, and family levels, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in species composition between pre-and post-exercise samples within the traditional drug intervention group (MC group). Specifically, there was a notable increase in the abundance of Actinobacteria at the class level and Coriobacteriaceae at the family level following exercise. In the novel drug intervention group (MX group), significant differences（P<0.05）were also noted at the family and order levels between pre- and post-exercise samples. Post-exercise, there was a marked increase in the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae at the family level and Bifidobacteriales at the order level. This study offers a comprehensive gut microbiota reference for exercise interventions aimed at enhancing the physical and mental health of female individuals with drug addiction.