Objective To study the effects of modified atmosphere packaging on the quality changes of lotus seeds during storage. Methods Fresh lotus seeds were used as the test material, and the appearance and nutritional quality of the lotus seeds were treated with a film-covered 20% modified atmosphere packaging (T1), and a film-covered 20% modified atmosphere packaging with 1-methylcyclopropene (T2), with a regular preservation box used as the control (CK). Results The results showed that compared to CK, both T1 and T2 treatments significantly reduced the weight loss and browning of lotus seeds, and maintained the content of nutrients such as vitamin C, amylose, total phenols and soluble solids. Under the condition of 7 days of room temperature storage, the weight loss of CK was 16.4%, T1 was 3.4%, and T2 was 4.0%. The total phenol content of CK, T1 and T2 was 5.453, 9.210 and 10.916 mg/g, respectively. The vitamin C content in T1 and T2 was 0.41 mg/100 g and 0.84 mg/100 g higher than that of the control group, and the amylose content was 0.856 mg/g and 1.438 mg/g higher than that of the control group. Conclusion The results of the study indicate that the T1 and T2 treatments have a good effect in reducing the post-harvest nutrient consumption of lotus seeds and maintaining their color, with T2 treatment showing a more significant effect compared to T1 treatment. This research provides practical evidence for the optimization of post-harvest preservation techniques for fresh lotus seeds.

Objective To establish a method for rapid determination of 26 kinds of elements in liquor by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) adopting matrix matching. Methods Combining with kinetic energy discrimination (KED) and internal standard correction mode, the determination method of Cd, Sn, Ba, Pb, Li, B, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sb, Na, Se and Hg in liquor had been established though direct dilution injection, and compared with the standard test method. Results The results showed that the correlation coefficient of standard curve was 0.9990-0.9999, the limit of determination was 0.1-300.0 μg/L, the standard recovery rates were 94.5%-104.4%, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.1%-1.2%. The standard recovery rate was obviously better than that without matrix matching method. The performance parameters of the method met the requirements of GB 5009.295—2023 National food safety standards-General rules for verification of chemical analysis methods. Compared with the standard test method, it could effectively reduce the pre-treatment steps, shorten the pre-treatment time, and save consumables. The results of the 2 kinds of methods showed no significant difference. Conclusion The method is simple, fast, accurate, stable and reliable, and is suitable for the bulk detection of multielement in liquor. The method provides technical support for ensuring liquor quality and safety.

Objective To use coleslaw at the retail-to-consumption level as a source of contamination with Staphylococcus aureus, assess the health risk posed to residents of Jilin Province and identify the key contributing factors. Methods Based on the monitoring data of Staphylococcus aureus in coleslaw in Jilin Province from 2011 to 2019, combined with the data of residents’ coleslaw consumption and temperature, a prediction model of Staphylococcus aureus growth was established. The results were analysed and Monte Carlo simulated using @Risk8.0 software, and a quantitative risk assessment of Staphylococcus aureus in commercially available coleslaw in Jilin Province was carried out in 4 parts: Hazard identification, exposure assessment, hazard characterization and risk analysis. Results The data statistics showed that the initial contamination rate of Staphylococcus aureus in coleslaw was 3%, and the average contamination was -2.37 log10CFU/g, with a 95% confidence interval of (-5.88, 1.27) log10CFU/g. The assessment results showed that the probability of triggering Staphylococcus aureus intoxication was 0.1%, and the number of cases of illness that could be caused by Staphylococcus aureus was 154500 cases per year. Conclusion The initial level of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in coleslaw is most important in causing the risk of Staphylococcus aureus infection, follow by storage temperature. Keeping the source ingredients, preparation environment clean and hygienic, and having good refrigerator use habits are important measures to reduce the risk of developing Staphylococcus aureus infections in coleslaw.

Objective To investigate the quality differences between Actinidia chinensis Planch in China’s main production areas and New Zealand Actinidia chinensis Planch, and make a comprehensive evaluation. Methods This study used Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits from the main production areas of China and New Zealand Actinidia chinensis as experimental materials, analyzed the phenotypic traits, nutritional composition and sensory evaluation indexes of Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits, and analyzed and comprehensively evaluated the Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits by using the method of systematic description, entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was used to analyze and comprehensively evaluate Actinidia chinensis Planch. Results The quality indexes of Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits from different production areas differed significantly. The soluble solid content of red Actinidia chinensis Planch was the highest in Yunnan and Shaanxi, with 15.9 and 15.5%, respectively, and the lowest total acid content in Sichuan was0.86%, and the mean value of soluble sugar content was the highest in Yunnan and Sichuan, with 62.2% and 59.5%, respectively, Yunnan also had the highest mean fructose and glucose content (15.1% and 17.7%, respectively). The vitamin C content of greenheart Actinidia chinensis Planch was significantly higher than that of New Zealand for the Chinese production area; Hunan had the highest soluble solids content (18.0%), and the highest mean solid-acid ratios were found in Hunan (14.5) and Chongqing (14.4), the highest mean value of soluble sugar content was found in Chongqing (58.2%), but New Zealand had the highest mean values for fructose and glucose content, which were 14.2% and 16.4%, respectively. The yellow heart Actinidia chinensis Planch had the highest mean values of vitamin C, soluble solids, solid-acid ratio, soluble sugars, fructose and glucose content for New Zealand (0.89 mg/g, 16.7%, 14.3, 63.6%, 15.6% and 17.7%, respectively), but the sucrose content of Sichuan (3.73%) and Henan (3.61%) was higher than that of New Zealand. Conclusion The study show that there are quality differences between Actinidia chinensis Planch from China’s main production areas and New Zealand Actinidia chinensis Planch. The entropy weight-TOPSIS model show that the top two scores of red Actinidia chinensis Planch are the Hongyang Actinidia chinensis Planch from Yunnan and Sichuan, the top score of green Actinidia chinensis Planch is the CuiXiang Actinidia chinensis Planch from Shaanxi, and the Hayward Actinidia chinensis Planch from New Zealand ranked the 4th, while the top score of yellow Actinidia chinensis Planch is the Sunshine Golden Fruit Actinidia chinensis Planch from New Zealand, follow by the G3 Actinidia chinensis Planch from Sichuan and Yunnan. This study verify the validity of the multi-indicator evaluation through the three-dimensional correlation model of “sensory-composition-phenotype”, and provid methodological support for the construction of the Actinidia chinensis Planch quality evaluation system.

Objective To establish a rapid determination and analysis method for crotonoside, magnoflorine and isoguanine in food by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods The samples were extracted with 60% (volume fraction) acetonitrile aqueous solution. After vortex oscillation, ultrasonic extraction and high-speed centrifugation, the supernatant was filtered through a filter membrane and used for determination. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% (volume fraction) formic acid aqueous solution for gradient elution. Separation was carried out on a Waters BEH Amide (3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm) chromatography column. The mass spectrometry was conducted using positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI⁺) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for qualitative and quantitative determination of 3 kinds of alkaloids, namely crotonoside, magnoflorine and isoguanine. Results The linear relationship between 3 kinds of alkaloids was good within the corresponding mass concentration range (r>0.997), the average recoveries ranged from 83.7% to 102.3%, and the relative standard deviations were ranged from 3.2% to 7.4% (n=6). The limits of detection for crotonoside and magnoflorine were both 0.1 μg/L, and the limits of quantification were 1.0 μg/L. The limit of detection for isoguanine was 1.0 μg/L, and the limit of quantification was 2.0 μg/L. Conclusion This method has a rapid and simple sample pretreatment process, short time-consuming, high sensitivity and good accuracy, and is suitable for the rapid detection and confirmatory analysis of 3 kinds of alkaloids in emergency incidents of suspected croton poisoning.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of glucocorticoids (GCs) (betamethasone and dexamethasone) in livestock and poultry products with 3 kinds of different substrates by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by QuEChERS, filtered by 0.22 µm organic microporous membrane. The target analytes were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry under positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) pattern, using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile. Results The calibration curve showed a good linear from concentration 0-100 μg/L and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.9994. The recoveries were from 79.3% to 105.8%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 1.4% and 9.4%. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of betamethasone were 4.4-4.8 μg/kg and 14.6-15.9 μg/kg respectively. The LODs and LOQs of dexamethasone were 2.7-3.4 μg/kg and 8.9-11.2 μg/kg, respectively. Conclusion The method is suitable for the determination of glucocorticoid residues in livestock and poultry products with its high sensitivity and accuracy.

Objective To establish 2 kinds of methods for the determination of 17-pentatriacontene in honey by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods After dissolved in water, the sample was extracted with petroleum ether, purified on a florisil cartridge, separated by DB-5MS column (15 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm), and determined by GC-FID and GC-MS, then quantified by external standard method. Results The GC-FID and GC-MS were quantified using matrix-free standard curve and matrix-matched standard curve respectively, with limits of quantification of 1.0 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, linear ranges of 1-100 mg/kg and 0.5-40.0 mg/kg, and recovery rates ranging from 88.9% to 94.5% and from 91.2% to 98.2%, respectively. The relative standard deviations were 4.0%-6.4% and 4.6%-7.3%, respectively. The results of the 2 kinds of methods were basically consistent, with a relative deviation of no more than 2.4%. The proposed methods were applied to 158 honey samples of Apis cerana honey and Apis mellifera honey, 17-pentatriacontene was only detected in Apis cerana honey, with a content range of 0.58-51.10 mg/kg. Conclusion The accuracy and precision of the GC-FID and GC-MS methods established in this study are both good, and the 2 kinds of methods can be applied to the determination of 17-pentatriacontene in honey. The results of real sample tested indicate that 17-pentatriacontene can be used as a characteristic marker for Apis cerana honey.

Objective To achieve the identification and rapid detection of commonly found types of meat floss on the market via low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Methods This study developed a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance two-dimensional relaxation fingerprinting technique suitable for the rapid detection of meat floss product types. Based on the colour discrepancy, different types of meat floss products can be distinguished. Results The developed two-dimensional relaxation fingerprinting technique can quickly and non-destructively distinguish between commonly available pork, chicken, beef, fish, and their mixed meat floss products.With the change in the proportion of different components in meat floss, the fingerprint spectrum shows a significant qualitative trend, effectively reflecting the changes in the proportion of various meats in meat floss, which proves the accuracy of this technology. Conclusion This research method can rapidly, non-destructively and accurately differentiate most types of meat floss on the market, meeting the needs of the food industry and government testing institutions, making it a promising new detection tool with great potential.

In recent years, microcapsule technology has shown broad application prospects in food science and biomedicine due to its protection and controlled release characteristics of active ingredients. Among a variety of wall materials, whey protein has become a promising candidate due to its natural non-toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. This paper first provided an overview of the putamen structure of whey protein-based microcapsules. Secondly, this paper mainly discussed the modification methods of whey protein wall materials: Building composite wall materials with other biological macromolecules; structural modification by physical or chemical methods, as well as improvement of interface properties by Maillard reaction. This paper analyzed the technical characteristics of spray drying, freeze drying and complex coacervation methods and their effects on the properties of whey protein-based microcapsules. The results showed that the embedding rate and stability of microcapsules could be significantly improved by precisely regulating the process parameters. Finally, in the field of application, whey protein-based microcapsules could not only effectively protect the activity of probiotics and achieve targeted delivery of active substances, but also showed application potential in biomedical fields such as controlled drug delivery systems and wound dressings.

Objective To investigate the optimal sterilization effects of ultra-high temperature (UHT) sterilization processes on thermophilic spores in plant-based drinks, and construct a UHT moderate sterilization model. Methods The physicochemical properties of 6 types of functional plant-based drinks (FPD) were compared, to determine the main changes in physicochemical indicators and the objects of characteristic drinks. The effects of pH, viscosity and solid content on the UHT sterilization effect against thermophilic spores were investigated, and a regression model was constructed. Results The pH and viscosity significantly influenced the UHT sterilization F-value (P<0.05), while the effect of solid content was found to be relatively minor. The linear fitting coefficients of pH and viscosity for the F₀ values were determined to be 208.927 (P<0.05) and 23.767 (P<0.01), respectively, while the nonlinear fitting coefficients were found to be 171.067 (P<0.05) and 0.543 (square variable value, P<0.05). These results indicate that the sterilization effectiveness weakened as the values of pH and viscosity increased. When the temperature reached 130 ℃, the significance of both parameters diminished, whereas the significance of the solid content coefficient was observed to increase, with the P decreasing to approximately 0.03. The predicted values of the models and the actual F₀ values showed a generally close correlation, with fitting trends resulting in R² values of 0.868 (linear) and 0.869 (nonlinear), indicating that the model possesses a high level of predictive performance. Conclusion The constructed UHT model can accurately fit the sterilization parameters and predict the effect according to the physicochemical properties of the plant-based drinks. This study provides essential guidance for the design of the UHT sterilization process for FPD, ultimately enhancing the nutritional and flavor quality of the drink products.