Objective To detect and analyze the residue conditions of 57 kinds of pesticide in commercially available fruits in Handan Area from 2020 to 2024 and assess the health risks of pesticide residues for local residents. Methods Followed QuEChERS extraction, samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chronic dietary exposure was assessed via a Monte Carlo simulation-based risk model, whereas acute risk was determined by the acute reference dose. Results The p detection rate of pesticide types in 80 fruit samples was 28.1% with an overall item detection rate of 1.12% and overall sample detection rate of 33.8% in 80 fruit samples. Dimethoate residues exceeded national standards in 6 cherry and 3 jujube samples. Two or more pesticides were detected in 16.2% of the samples. No highly or extremely toxic pesticides were detected. The chronic dietary intake risk of dimethoate was 1.81, exceeded the safe range, while the chronic dietary intake risk of other pesticides were within acceptable limits. The hazard index value was 1.87, exceeded the safe range. Acute dietary risks for all detected pesticides were within safe ranges. Dimethoate and endosulfan were identified as higher-risk pesticides in both acute and chronic assessments. Conclusion The dietary intake risk of pesticide residues in Handan City (2020—2024) is generally within safe limits. However, there are cases of dimethoate exceeding the standard and multiple pesticides detected in the same sample. Dimethoate posed chronic dietary intake risk and the relevant authorities need to maintain ongoing attention.

Objective To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata using artificial neural networks combined with response surface methodology. Methods The stems and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata were used as the research material. An ultrasonic extraction system for dihydromyricetin was established, and the process parameters were systematically optimized using a combination of single-factor experiments, response surface methodology and artificial neural network models optimized by genetic algorithms. The extraction yields of dihydromyricetin from different parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata were then analyzed under optimal conditions. Results The artificial neural network model exhibited superior accuracy and predictive capability in comparison to the response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be an ultrasonic power of 360 W, a temperature of 42 ℃, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 20:1 (mL:g), and an extraction time of 35 min. Under these conditions, the actual extraction yield of dihydromyricetin was (39.83±0.01)%, with a relative error of only 0.36% compared to the artificial neural network-predicted value of 40.19%. Furthermore, the extraction yield of dihydromyricetin from various parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata under optimal ultrasonic conditions followed the sequence: Stems and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata>branches of Ampelopsis grossedentata>pruned branches of Ampelopsis grossedentata. Conclusion This study successfully optimizes the ultrasonic extraction process to enhance the extraction efficiency of dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata and reveals significant differences in dihydromyricetin extraction yields among different parts of the plant.

Objective To study the effects of in vitro simulated digestion on the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of Canarium album and its products. Methods The study investigated the changes in total polyphenol content and scavenging capacities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation (ABTS⁺) free radical, hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion using 5 samples: Canarium album polyphenol extract, fresh Canarium album, sweet Canarium album, salt-preserved Canarium album, and licorice-flavored Canarium album. Results The polyphenol content of the 5 samples in both the gastric and intestinal digestion stages was lower than that in the undigested samples. During the gastric digestion stage, the scavenging capacities of the 5 samples for ABTS⁺ free radicals and DPPH free radicals were significantly stronger than those of the undigested samples. In the intestinal digestion stage, the free radical scavenging capacities of most samples decreased. The hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of Canarium album extract and fresh Canarium album were weaker than those of the other samples, but their scavenging capacities in the intestinal stage were stronger than those in the gastric stage. Significant differences were observed in the superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities among the 5 samples: The superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity of Canarium album polyphenol extract increased initially and then decreased over time during gastrointestinal digestion; the scavenging capacity of fresh Canarium album during gastrointestinal digestion was stronger than that of the undigested counterpart; due to the presence of processed ingredients, the scavenging capacities of sweet Canarium album, salte-preserved Canarium album and licorice-flavored Canarium album showed no obvious correlation with their polyphenol content. Conclusion Compared with the undigested samples, different Canarium album samples still exhibit good antioxidant activity after digestion. This study provides a reference for the further research and application of Canarium album polyphenols, and offers a theoretical basis for the development, deep processing and utilization of Canarium album and its products.

Objective To increase the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactobacillus by optimizing fermentation conditions and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracted EPS. Methods P1-10 was isolated as a high yield EPS producing lactobacillus from kefir grains and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Meanwhile, the effects of carbon source composition and content in the medium and fermentation time on the EPS yield of P1-10 were investigated and compared. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy and in vitro antioxidant study was studied from the obtained EPS as well. Results Among the 12 kinds of isolated strains from kefir grains, P1-10 formed gram-positive colonies under microscopic examination after Gram staining, could coagulate milk, and had a string length greater than 15 mm. It was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici strain (MH143596.1 Pediocuccus acidilactici strain D15) by 16S rDNA sequencing and the maximum content of EPS was 6.52 mg/mL. In addition, the optimal conditions for P1-10 were obtained under the condition of MRS (DeMan-Rogosa-Sharpe medium) medium with the carbon source replaced by 40 g/L sucrose and fermenting at 35 ℃, pH 6.0 for 60 hours, while the highest yield of EPS was 29.09 mg/mL. Furthermore, the surface of EPS under the scanning electron microscopy was relatively rough, with a sense of layering and different sizes voids. Moreover, the elimination rates of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) free radicals in the 1.0 mg/mL vitamin C (vitamin C, VC), EPS and fermentation supernatant were 86.21%, 95.03%; 81.32%, 93.91% and 58.54%, 65.73%, respectively. Conclusion P1-10 can effectively increase the extraction efficiency of EPS compared to the normal culture with the optimizing of the culture conditions. As for the in vitro antioxidant experiments, EPS is indicated a strong ability to scavenge free radicals and antioxidant capacity due to the highly DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rates. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the screening, extraction and functional activity research of EPS from lactic acid bacteria.

Objective To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics, virulence gene profiles, and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) isolated from foodborne diseases patients in Dalian City, Liaoning Province. Methods A total of 63 VP clinical isolates were collected from Dalian City in 2023. The whole genome sequencing, multilocus sequence typing, virulence genes and drug resistance genes were analyzed, and the clinical epidemiological data were combined for comprehensive analysis. Results July-September was the main epidemic period of VP. The results of sequence type (ST) showed that ST3 was the main epidemic group. The 63 strains carried both tlh and vcrD, and the carrying rate of tdh and vcrD2 virulence genes was 95.24%. All strains carried blaCARB-47, CARB-20, tet (35), tet (34) and CRP resistance genes, and one ST3 strain also carried aminoglycosides, sulfonamides and other resistance genes. There was a certain correlation between virulence gene carrying type and ST type, but there was no obvious clustering feature in the distribution of drug resistance genes. All isolates from patients with systemic symptoms carried tdh and vcrD2. Conclusion ST3 is the main epidemic group of VP in Dalian, Liaoning Province, which is widely distributed and has a high proportion of virulence genes. Speical attention should be paid to the risk of drug resistance transmission of ST3. This study provides a molecular epidemiological basis for the prevention and control of VP.

As a worldwide medicinal and edible homologous plant, Allium sativum L. has the functions of antitumor, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and anti-pathogenic microorganisms. Studies have shown that many active ingredients in Allium sativum L. exert antitumor effects mainly by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, regulating signaling pathways to inhibit migration and invasion, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, and arresting cell cycle. At the same time, the Allium sativum L. active ingredient also enhances the antitumor effect of other drugs through its combination with other drugs. This article reviewed the research on the antitumor effect and mechanism of Allium sativum L. active ingredients in the past 30 years, as well as the effects of Allium sativum L. active ingredients in combination with other drugs, this provides an important theoretical basis and application reference for the study of the antitumor action mechanism of active ingredients in Allium sativum L. and the development of innovative drugs.

Objective To develop a rapid and visual method for detecting Shigella by combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated protein 12b (CRISPR/Cas12b). Methods Based on the conserved invasion plasmid antigen H gene ipaH7 sequence of Shigella, LAMP primers were designed and screened to establish a LAMP method for detection of Shigella. The candidate sgRNAs were designed based on the target DNA sequence of LAMP amplified fragment, and then the sgRNA, which could specifically recognize and stimulate Cas12b cleavage, was screened. Finally, a rapid detection method for detecting Shigella was developed by combining LAMP with CRISPR/Cas12b, and the specificity and sensitivity were evaluated. Results A set of LAMP primers and sgRNA targeting Shigella ipaH7 were screened, and a LAMP CRISPR/Cas12b detection method was established. The detection could be completed within 1 hour with the lowest limit of detection of 1.1×10¹ CFU/mL for pure culture and 1.1×10¹ CFU/g for spiked pork samples, and no cross reactivity with other pathogens. Conclusion This study successfully establishes a rapid, sensitive and visual detection method for Shigella, which can achieve accurate detecting Shigella in food samples.

Objective To develope a co-microencapsulated probiotic-stachyose functional dairy product. Methods This research employed spray-drying technology using sodium alginate and stachyose as wall materials for probiotic encapsulation, with optimized parameters. The optimal yogurt formulation was determined through orthogonal experiments. Results The mass ratio of sodium alginate and stachyose was 3:1, the concentration of materials was 2.00%, and the spray drying was carried out at 140 ℃ and a feeding speed of 40%, the best embedding rate of the composite probiotics was achieved. Through orthogonal experiments, the yogurt formula was optimized to determine that the optimal combination was an addition rate of 0.08% for the starter culture, 3.00% for white granulated sugar, and 0.30% for stachyose. Under optimized conditions, the microencapsulation efficiency of probiotics reached optimal levels. Microscopic examination confirmed effective probiotic encapsulation, preventing thermal damage and improving stability. The final yogurt product demonstrated excellent color, taste, texture, and received outstanding sensory evaluations. Conclusion This study successfully developes a functional yogurt combining probiotic viability with superior sensory qualities, providing valuable technical insights for functional food innovation while meeting consumer demand for dairy products that balance health benefits with excellent taste.

Aroma is the core characteristic of the flavor quality of Prunus persica, composed of various volatile organic compounds, and its formation is comprehensively influenced by genetic background, cultivation management and post-harvest treatment. In recent years, studies have revealed the key roles of fatty acids, amino acids, terpenoids and esters as the main precursor substances in aroma synthesis, as well as the regulatory mechanism of ethylene on aroma formation. This article clarified the genetic basis of aroma synthesis, reviewed the research progress of aroma components and their biosynthetic pathways in Prunus persica, aiming to provide a the oretical basis for the quality evaluation and quality improvement of Prunus persica. However, at present, the complexity of the aroma synthesis pathway and the influence mechanism of environmental factors on it have not been fully clarified. Future research needs to further analyze the molecular mechanism of aroma synthesis and optimize cultivation and post-harvest processing techniques to enhance the aroma quality of Prunus persica.

Objective To obtain excellent lactic acid bacteria with bacteriostatic activity from fermented bamboo shoots and analyze their antibacterial substances. Methods Using Liuzhou traditional fermented bamboo shoots as raw materials, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as indicator bacteria, and inhibition zone diameter as evaluation indicator, the Oxford Cup method was used to screen lactic acid bacteria with higher antibacterial properties. The strain was identified by morphological observation and molecular biological technique. Finally, the effects of pH, temperature and enzyme treatment on the antibacterial activity of the fermentation supernatant of the strain were analyzed. Results A total of 26 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Liuzhou traditional fermented bamboo shoots, among which 10 strains had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and strain LZ-6 had the strongest antibacterial activity, with a diameter of more than 15 mm for the inhibition zone. The strain LZ-6 was identified as Limosilactobacillus fermentum. The antibacterial substances produced by strain LZ-6 exhibit good antibacterial activity only under acidic conditions and had good thermal stability. After protease treatment, there was no significant change in antibacterial activity (P>0.05), indicated that the protein in the fermentation supernatant had no antibacterial effect. Conclusion A fermented lactobacillus LZ-6 with good antibacterial activity is screened from Liuzhou traditional fermented bamboo shoots. Its antibacterial substances are organic acids with stable activity and are not affected by temperature and enzymes. The lactic acid bacteria derived from fermented bamboo shoots obtained in this study can be used in the fields of sour bamboo shoot fermentation and biological preservatives, and lay the foundation for the separation, identification and mechanism research of antibacterial substances.