Light spectrum regulation is an effective way to promote carbon fixation of haematococcus pluvialis. The carbon fixation capacity of haematococcus pluvialis was compared under different light conditions, and the effects of the mixed red and blue light with different spectral ratios on the carbon fixation performance of haematococcus pluvialis were studied. Gene expressions at different vegetative stages were compared to figure out the dynamic changes of haematococcus pluvialis metabolism on the time scale. The results show that, the carbon fixation rate in red light was 40% higher than that in blue light. By comparing the whole-genome transcriptome of the haematococcus pluvialis, the metabolic responses of the haematococcus pluvialis to different light qualities, including biomass accumulation, energy transfer, photosynthesis, stress and transcription, were analyzed at the molecular level. The metabolism and energy transfer of the haematococcus pluvialis were more active in red light than that in blue light. At the early growth stage, cells under the red light dominant condition tended to accumulate regulatory substances rather than energy storage substances, and genes involved in glycolysis/ gluconeogenesis pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway were up-regulated. Cells under the blue light dominant condition performed better in stress response.

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is a key technology to mitigate the impact of CO₂ emissions on the environment, and CO₂ geological storage and utilization is an important part of CCUS. This paper analyzes the global development trend of CO₂ geological storage and utilization technology, reviews the current development situation in China from the aspects of policy system construction, project implementation and research results, interprets the research frontiers in this field through literature analysis, and prospects the development of CO₂ geological storage and utilization. Current research focuses on the CO₂ geological storage and utilization in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, induced seismic mechanism and monitoring, leakage monitoring and environmental assessment, CO₂ geological storage and energy resources cooperative development and utilization, and rapid mineralization storage. In the future, research in this field should focus on the complex multi-field and multi-phase study in CO₂ geological storage and utilization, building a whole-process intelligent CO₂ geological storage and utilization system, and exploring diversified CCUS industry development models.

Chemical absorption using amine solution takes the dominant position for post combustion CO₂ capture of coal-fired power plants, the regeneration of amine is thermally driven, consuming large amount of steam extracted from turbine units, which results in severe power generation efficiency penalty and higher power generation cost. This limitation restricts its large-scale application in terms of both single-unit capacity and project quantity. Optimizing the heat application method in the system is an important approach to address the aforementioned issues. Focusing on the thermal energy integration utilization between the carbon capture subsystem and the power plant system, discussions and investigations are performed from the perspectives of thermal integration optimization theory and engineering energy system optimization. In terms of thermal integration optimization theory, the principles, usage methods, application results and the limitations of the exergy analysis and the pinch point analysis method in coal-fired carbon capture systems are discussed, and the suggested research interests are proposed. In the aspect of engineering energy system optimization, the beneficial effects of steam extraction parameters optimization, superheated steam utilization methods, condensate waste heat utilization methods, carbon capture and compression waste heat utilization methods, and various auxiliary machine application methods are analyzed, as well as the feasibility and economic problem of the mentioned methods during implementations. The research can provide references and ideas for further reducing system energy consumption of carbon capture of coal-fired power plants.

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology has made significant progress in reducing CO₂ emissions in recent years, but its large-scale application is hindered by high energy consumption and high complexity. To enhance energy utilization efficiency, integrated of carbon capture and utilization (ICCU) has emerged as a promising research focus. ICCU process enables the capture and in situ conversion of CO₂ via dual-functional materials (DFM), converting the captured CO₂ directly into economically valuable chemicals with high efficiency. Compared with the conventional CCUS technologies, ICCU significantly simplifies processes such as desorption, compression, and transportation, demonstrating substantial potential for large-scale application. This review focuses on ICCU-methanation (ICCU-Met) process, first providing a systematic introduction to the process and a thermodynamic analysis of its feasibility. Then, the DFMs used in ICCU-Met are discussed intensively, their performance is compared in terms of CO₂ capture capacity, catalytic activity, and stability. The review also critically examines the scaling-up challenges of ICCU-Met technology in practical applications, including issues such as the effects of real-world flue gas conditions, reactor design, and economic feasibility. Finally, the review summarizes the developmental bottlenecks of this process and proposes potential research directions for the future.

Post-combustion capture is a bottom-up technology for achieving carbon neutrality, but the high costs associated with carbon capture are detrimental to the application of this technology. In order to investigate the sensitivities to changes in the cost of carbon capture, compression and liquefaction, the costs incurred by different process parameters and absorbent types were modelled. The results show that, increasing the number of plates in the absorption tower promotes the efficiency of CO₂ capture by absorbent, with a corresponding rise in investment costs. The increase of absorber temperature at the inlet of the absorber tower does not show a significant decrease in capture rate, but the reduction of coolant and water usage reduces the operating cost to a certain extent. In addition, the reboiling ratio has the greatest influence on the CO₂ capture rate and cost, which may be the key factor for cost reduction. At the same time, the energy consumption of the system with different liquefaction pressures and different numbers of compression stages was compared, and it is found that the lower the liquefaction pressure and the higher the number of compression stages, the higher the total cost, and the equipment investment cost and operation and maintenance cost changes more obviously, while the utility costs are less affected.

In post-combustion CO₂ capture, organic amine absorbents are prone to degradation, forming heat-stable salts (HSS) that impair absorption performance and accelerate equipment corrosion. Electrodialysis (ED), operating under ambient conditions with high HSS removal efficiency, has emerged as a promising technology for amine recovery. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in ED for amine solvent recovery, covering the configurations of different ED systems and the mechanisms by which key process parameters (voltage, current density, initial HSS concentration, CO₂ loading, etc.) affect removal efficiency, amine loss, and energy consumption. It highlights process optimization strategies such as multi-stage membrane stacks and ED coupling with resins or bipolar membranes, and compares industrial performance data across different applications. Finally, challenges related to membrane stability, energy consumption, and cost control are discussed, with perspectives on future development directions for ED-based amine recovery in carbon capture systems.

When thermal power units employ amine-based carbon capture, electro-carbon coupling exists. To enhance the load flexibility tracking performance of decarbonized units, a variable-load control strategy based on electric-carbon coordination is proposed. Using existing data, an electric-carbon coordinated control system model for drum boiler thermal power units was established through system identification. The response time scales of reboiler load to power generation load and carbon capture rate were analyzed. Based on this, a dual-control loop for power generation load was designed, incorporating both decarbonization steam extraction and fuel quantity regulation. Furthermore, to address the effect of long time scales on carbon capture rate, the transient quantities of reboiler load variation throughout the process were reconstructed, and a flexible power generation load control method based on electric-carbon synergy was proposed. Simulation tests on a 300 MW unit demonstrated that, compared with the conventional coordinated control strategies, the proposed strategy ensures performance metrics for thermal load and carbon capture rate while improving both the load variation control rate and AGC performance metrics by an average of 100% or more.

To investigate the dominant role and mechanism of solid particles in enhancing mass and heat transfer and catalytic effects during CO₂ desorption from rich liquids, nano-titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zeolite (HZSM-5) are selected as representative particles to represent the enhancement of heat and mass transfer and chemical catalytic effects, respectively. A continuous stirring reactor was set up, and the ratio of CO₂ desorption rate from rich liquids with and without particle addition was defined as the desorption enhancement factor. The effects of varying particle mass fraction, particle size, stirring speed, CO₂ loading of the rich liquid, and absorbent type on the CO₂ desorption enhancement were systematically investigated. The results show that, the HZSM-5 particles achieve a higher desorption enhancement factor compared with the TiO₂ particles, this is primarily due to the higher micropore surface area and Brønsted acid site coupling parameters of HZSM-5 particles. Additionally, the desorption enhancement factor for TiO₂ is less affected by operational conditions, fluctuating between 1.00 and 1.20. In contrast, increasing the particle mass fraction and CO₂ loading in the rich liquid significantly enhances the desorption effect of HZSM-5, with the desorption enhancement factor reaching up to 2.25. A linear relationship was observed between the HCO₃^– concentration in the rich liquid and the desorption enhancement factor for HZSM-5, indicating that HZSM-5 particles promote the CO₂ desorption process by enhancing the reaction pathway related to HCO₃^–. This finding provides a theoretical basis for further optimizing the design of solid particles and improving CO₂ desorption efficiency from rich liquids.

As the global climate change intensifies, carbon capture, utilization and storage technology (CCUS) has become a crucial means to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Focusing on addressing the issues of poor operational stability and high regeneration energy consumption in conventional absorption agents, a new water-poor compound absorption agent was developed, which is mainly composed of tert-butyl aminoethanol (TBAE). The absorption agent was optimized by combining different ratios of amines and stabilizers and was mixed at a total amine mass fraction of 30%. The CO₂ absorption-desorption performance, corrosion situation, and small-scale upscaling experiment were tested and investigated using 30% (mass fraction) conventional absorption agent ethanolamine (MEA) as a reference standard. The aim is to enhance the CO₂ absorption capacity and desorption rate while reducing regeneration energy consumption and improving the stability of the solvent in the device. The experimental results indicate that, when the formula is 20% TBAE + 10% 3-methyl-1-propanol + 50% N-methylpyrrolidone, the saturated CO₂ absorption capacity is 3.10 mol/L, the cyclic absorption capacity is 2.97 mol/L, the corrosion rate is 0.016 2 mm/a, and the regeneration energy consumption is 4.00 GJ/t. Compared with the 30% MEA absorption agent, the saturated CO₂ absorption capacity increases by 12.3%, the cyclic capacity rises by 22.7%, the corrosion rate reduces by 60.3%, and the regeneration energy consumption decreases by 36%. The excellent basic performance of the new water-poor compound absorption agent and its long-term stable and low-energy operation in a 10 t/a carbon capture small-scale pilot plant have laid a solid foundation for its future industrial application.

With the launch and promotion of national carbon trading market, accurate carbon emission data of emission control enterprises is crucial for the government to formulate policies and build carbon trading mechanisms. The current official carbon emission accounting method in China, the emission factor method, is simple and easy to use, but is highly influenced by human factors and can easily lead to quality issues with carbon data. Therefore, a rapid analysis method for coal quality indicators suitable for coal-fired power plants in the carbon market is developed based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology. Combined with partial least squares regression (PLSR), a predictive model for carbon content and heat generation of coal elements is established. The results show that, the average absolute error (AAE) of the prediction set for the established dry based high calorific value and carbon content model is 1.10 MJ/kg and 2.72%, respectively, which can achieve fast and high-frequency detection of daily coal samples in power plants. In the application research of carbon accounting, examples show that, compared with the conventional daily measurement method, the relative deviation of monthly carbon emissions accounting obtained by the LIBS rapid detection method for daily measurement is only 0.40%, which is more accurate than that obtained by the monthly reduced coal sample detection method. In the application research of carbon verification, based on the results of the element carbon content measurement method, the average relative error (ARE) of the carbon emissions calculated using the LIBS rapid detection method has a reduction of 6.73~18.99 percentage points compared with that using the complete default value method. The LIBS rapid detection method has a testing accuracy that is close to conventional laboratory results, which can be applied to carbon verification and coal quality data verification, and be developed into a fast and low-cost practical technology to assist carbon accounting.