tensile twins were introduced by pre-compressing the rolled AZ31 Mg alloy sheet along the transverse direction (TD) with a strain of 3 %, aiming to investigate the effect of pre-existing twins on its bending deformation behavior. For the AZ31 Mg alloy, the pre-existing tensile twins significantly improved the mechanical properties, the tension-compression yield asymmetry coefficient (0.57 vs. 0.35), and the bending property (bend angle: 97° vs. 65°). The pre-existing twins led to the deflection of the c-axis of the grains, thus modifying the strong (0001) basal texture, which improved the tension-compression yield asymmetry, making the strain distribution during the bending process in each region of the specimen more uniform. The basal slip caused by grain deflection on the rolling direction (RD)-normal direction (ND) plane increased the thickness-direction strain of the specimen during the bending deformation process. Moreover, the introduction of a large number of twin lamellae effectively subdivided and refined the grains, enhancing the plastic deformation ability of the specimen. In summary, these factors led to a significant improvement in the bending formability of the AZ31 Mg alloy.

Mineral processing wastewater poses severe environmental risks due to its complex composition (high suspended solids, residual reagents, heavy metals), making its treatment critical for sustainable mining. This review systematically summarizes mineral processing wastewater treatment technologies, including conventional methods and emerging approaches. Conventional physical-chemical methods are widely used but suffer from sludge production and limited resource recovery. Advanced oxidation processes (e.g., plasma oxidation, photo-Fenton) efficiently degrade refractory organics and novel adsorbents (MOFs, selective resins) enable targeted heavy metal recovery and deep purification. Artificial intelligence and digital twin further promote intelligent process control. Future directions focus on integrating multi-technologies into "classification treatment-quality-based reuse" systems to achieve comprehensive recovery of water, salts, and valuable metals, advancing mining towards a circular economy and near-zero discharge.

The present study investigates the performance and mechanism of nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalysts in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reactions for removing nitrogen oxides (NO_x) through a combination of experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A series of catalysts with a gradient distribution of nitrogen content were prepared, and the types, contents, and structural characteristics of their nitrogen-containing functional groups were characterised. The experimental findings demonstrated that with an increase in nitrogen content, there was an initial rise and subsequent decrease in NO conversion among the catalysts. The AC-N-3 catalyst exhibited the highest NO conversion, with an observed value of 83.0 %. DFT calculations revealed that nitrogen doping enhanced the adsorption capacity of the catalysts for NO and O₂ through the introduction of functional groups. The active centre is located at the nitrogen functional group and its adjacent carbon atom. The centre of the molecule is responsible for driving the charge migration process, which in turn causes a stretching of the bond length of the reactants. This effect leads to the efficient pre-activation of the reactants, thereby significantly enhancing their catalytic activity. Through the analysis of the NH₃-SCR reaction pathway, the fundamental steps of the reaction were presented in a comprehensible manner.

More than 2 billion tons of coal-based solid wastes (CBSW) are produced annually in China present not only significant environmental hazards, including air pollution from dust, soil degradation, and water contamination from heavy metals, but also direct safety risks such as spontaneous combustion and landslides. Currently, soil degradation is becoming an increasingly serious concern. Artificial soil is a crucial green construction material. However, the current resource utilization of CBSW in artificial soil is confronted with difficulties such as low efficiency, high ecological risks, and obstacles to industrialization. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to develop a stable and eco-friendly approach for the construction of artificial soil. This paper reviews the physicochemical properties of CBSW and its adaptability to soil improvement. Considering the application directions of CBSW in ecological soil (such as remediating contaminated soil, improving poor soil quality, and promoting plant growth). It focuses on key methods for preparing artificial soil. These methods include pretreatment technology, optimizing the ratio of solid waste, additives, and soil, and evaluating ecological effects. This work provides insights into transforming coal waste into a valuable resource for ecological restoration.

Nitrate () is a pervasive pollutant in industrial water treatment due to its widespread presence in industrial processes. Quaternary ammonium (R₄N⁺) groups are key for removal, but their efficiency varies with water quality. This study developed a mixed-grafted ion exchange resin, CMIET-A, by grafting trimethylamine and triethylamine onto a poly (methyl methacrylate) backbone, with Ferromagnetic γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles to enhance separability and recyclability. Experiments and DFT calculations showed that CMIET-A effectively removed across a broad pH range (4.0-10.0), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 82.79 mg/g. The adsorption behavior fit the Freundlich isotherm model, and the process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. After 20 cycles, the resin maintained a removal rate over 70 %. Both experiments on the influence of external ions and Molecular dynamics simulations indicated higher binding energy and diffusion coefficients for CMIET-A with , enhancing performance even in the presence of Cl^-. Characterization revealed that ion exchange, pore filling, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and metal bridging collectively drove adsorption. Overall, this novel resin offers an efficient solution for removal in industrial settings.

Hollow noble metal nanostructures have broad applications in catalysis and other fields. Herein, we report that Ag@metal (Ag@M, M = Ru, Os, Ir, Pt, PtRu, PtRuOs) core@shell nanoparticles synthesized in oleylamine can transform into hollow AgM alloy nanoparticles via prolonged heating. The structural evolution mechanism is attributed to the Kirkendall effect, driven by unbalanced interdiffusion of Ag and M atoms: Ag atoms (with higher mobility) diffuse from the core to the shell more rapidly than M atoms, inducing vacancy flow and interface shift, ultimately forming hollow alloys with slightly reduced particle sizes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals binding energy shifts of Ag and Pt in hollow AgPt alloys due to electronegativity differences. Electrochemical tests show that despite the lower electrochemically active surface area of hollow AgPt alloys caused by Ag-induced Pt dilution, their methanol oxidation reaction activity and onset potential are comparable to the core-shell precursors. This is because the ensemble effect from Ag-Pt alloying weakens CO adsorption on Pt sites, offsetting the dilution-induced negative effect. This study provides insights for designing efficient Ag-based nanoalloy electrocatalysts.

The composites composed of Carbon nanotube (CNT) and inorganic magnetic materials are candidates for broadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials (EWAM). However, poor interfacial compatibility between CNT and inorganic magnetic materials limits the enhancement of broadband EMW absorption performance. Herein, this study innovatively prepared the organic magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) with a zwitterionic structure and combined it with CNT to obtain the "Magnetic ionic liquid/CNT composite gel" (MIL/CNT). In the MIL/CNT, the energy of EMW is well attenuated through the multi-EMW dissipating routes, such as conductance loss, polarization loss and magnetic loss. Remarkably, attributed to the zwitterionic structure, the stronger ionic dipole polarization loss has been induced to dissipate the EMW, which achieved an effective absorption band (EAB) of 7.5 GHz (9.44-16.94 GHz) and minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of -46 dB with 2.1 mm thickness at 15.8 GHz. The MIL/CNT composite demonstrated excellent broadband electromagnetic wave absorption, offering a novel strategy for fabricating EMW defense materials with a wide operational frequency range.

Fabricating TiO₂ nanotube hydrogen sensors via anodic oxidation of sputtered Ti films on Si wafers enhances stability and facilitates integration/miniaturization. However, these sensors exhibit lower room-temperature responses compared to counterparts derived from anodized Ti thin sheets. In this work, Pt/TiO₂/Ti sensors incorporating an unoxidized Ti film at the nanotube base and Pt/TiO₂ sensors with completely oxidized Ti foil were fabricated on SiO₂/Si substrates through magnetron sputtering and anodic oxidation. The Pt/TiO₂/Ti sensor exhibited a response of 5.3 × 10⁶ toward 200 ppm H₂ at room temperature - four orders of magnitude higher than the Pt/TiO₂ counterpart. Through SEM, Hall measurements, and I-V analysis, this enhancement is attributed to significantly reduced charge transfer resistance between Pt interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) due to the conductive Ti film in Pt/TiO₂/Ti devices. The modulating effect of the Ti film on carrier transport pathways becomes more pronounced at lower operating temperatures. This study provides a straightforward yet effective approach for developing high-responsivity TiO₂ nanotube hydrogen sensors on silicon wafers.

In this study, the Fast Firing (Rapid Thermal Sintering, FF) process was applied to systematically analyze the microstructural, dielectric, and electrical properties of (Bi_1.5Zn_0.5)(Zn_0.5Nb_1.5)O₇ (BZN) ceramics. Through rapid heating, the target sintering temperature was reached within several minutes, effectively suppressing excessive grain coarsening and Bismuth (Bi) volatilization that commonly occur in conventional sintering (CS). As a result, BZN ceramics fabricated by the FF process exhibited a uniform fine-grained microstructure with grain sizes of 1-3 μm, relative densities above 94 %, dielectric constants (ε_ᵣ) of 145-155, dielectric losses (tan δ) below 0.005, and breakdown strengths (BDS) exceeding 400 kV/cm. Energy-storage performance analysis revealed that the FF samples achieved stable energy densities of 1.25-1.37 J/cm³ and efficiencies of 75-85 %, which are attributed to enhanced BDS induced by the fine-grained microstructure. Frequency- and temperature-dependent measurements also demonstrated excellent thermal stability, maintaining tan δ < 0.005 and dielectric variation within 3 % from room temperature up to 300 ℃. In addition, the FF process shortened the sintering time by more than 70 % and reduced energy consumption, offering significant advantages in processing efficiency. These results demonstrate that the FF method provides an effective fabrication strategy for achieving high-efficiency and high-reliability energy-storage performance in BZN-based pyrochlore ceramics and further suggests its potential extension to other lead-free high-permittivity dielectric systems.

In this paper, atomic simulation of the thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) behavior of Ni-based single crystal superalloys has been achieved, and the effect of Rhenium (Re) on the TMF properties are studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The reasons why 3%Re improving TMF properties of superalloys are explained from an atomic perspective. The results show that adding 3%Re to the superalloys can increase the cyclic stress amplitude and plastic deformation resistance, reduce the dislocation density and plastic strain energy density, and thereby improve the fatigue life of superalloys. The microstructure evolution reveals that the improvement of TMF properties in superalloys mainly depends on the pinning and dragging effects of Re on dislocation motion. Due to the pinning and dragging effects of Re, the stability of microstructure is significantly enhanced, leading to a reduction in plastic deformation and thus improving the TMF mechanical properties and fatigue life of superalloys. The research results will contribute to a deeper understanding of the TMF mechanisms and Re effects of superalloys.