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Preparation of pH-stable and ion-resistant mixed-graft ion exchange resins for efficient Nitrate Removal: Performance and mechanism
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Yiming Zonga, c, Wenjiao Keb, Yang Xueb, Rui Xiaoa, Sixi Zhua, Shuya Zhenga, Yongen Shia, Li Fenga, c, *, Xuefeng Rena, **
Progress in Natural Science: Materials International | 2026, 36(1) : 152 - 167
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Progress in Natural Science: Materials International | 2026, 36(1): 152-167
• Research Article •
Preparation of pH-stable and ion-resistant mixed-graft ion exchange resins for efficient Nitrate Removal: Performance and mechanism
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Yiming Zonga, c, Wenjiao Keb, Yang Xueb, Rui Xiaoa, Sixi Zhua, Shuya Zhenga, Yongen Shia, Li Fenga, c, *, Xuefeng Rena, **
Affiliations
  • aState Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Resources Green Exploitation, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
  • bChina Water Investment Co., LTD., Beijing 100053, China
  • cSchool of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
Published: 2026-02-22 doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2026.01.003
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Nitrate () is a pervasive pollutant in industrial water treatment due to its widespread presence in industrial processes. Quaternary ammonium (R4N+) groups are key for removal, but their efficiency varies with water quality. This study developed a mixed-grafted ion exchange resin, CMIET-A, by grafting trimethylamine and triethylamine onto a poly (methyl methacrylate) backbone, with Ferromagnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles to enhance separability and recyclability. Experiments and DFT calculations showed that CMIET-A effectively removed across a broad pH range (4.0-10.0), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 82.79 mg/g. The adsorption behavior fit the Freundlich isotherm model, and the process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. After 20 cycles, the resin maintained a removal rate over 70 %. Both experiments on the influence of external ions and Molecular dynamics simulations indicated higher binding energy and diffusion coefficients for CMIET-A with , enhancing performance even in the presence of Cl-. Characterization revealed that ion exchange, pore filling, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and metal bridging collectively drove adsorption. Overall, this novel resin offers an efficient solution for removal in industrial settings.

Magnetic acrylic anion exchange resin  /  Quaternary ammonium group  /  Nitrate  /  γ-Fe2O3  /  Adsorption
Yiming Zong, Wenjiao Ke, Yang Xue, Rui Xiao, Sixi Zhu, Shuya Zheng, Yongen Shi, Li Feng, Xuefeng Ren. Preparation of pH-stable and ion-resistant mixed-graft ion exchange resins for efficient Nitrate Removal: Performance and mechanism[J]. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 2026 , 36 (1) : 152 -167 . DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2026.01.003
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Funding
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  • Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2021632)
  • Power Construction Corporation of China(KJ-2023-100)
  • China Power Construction Corporation Limited Science and Technology Projects(DJ-ZDXM-2023-23)
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Year 2026 volume 36 Issue 1
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8
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2026.01.003
  • Receive Date：2025-09-17
  • Online Date：2026-06-03
  • Published：2026-02-22
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2025-09-17
  • Revised：2026-01-03
  • Accepted：2026-01-05
Funding
Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2021632)
Power Construction Corporation of China(KJ-2023-100)
China Power Construction Corporation Limited Science and Technology Projects(DJ-ZDXM-2023-23)
Affiliations
    aState Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Resources Green Exploitation, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
    bChina Water Investment Co., LTD., Beijing 100053, China
    cSchool of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China

Corresponding:

* State Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Resources Green Exploitation, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China. E-mail addresses: (L. Feng)
** E-mail addresses: (X. Ren).
E-mail addresses: (W. Ke)
E-mail addresses: (Y. Xue)
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/pnsmi/EN/10.1016/j.pnsc.2026.01.003
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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