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Hollowing mechanism of noble metal nanoparticles during their Ag-templated synthesis
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Zhong Zhenga, b, Mengyuan Mab, c, Hui Liub, Dong Chenb, Shaonan Tianb, *, Xiwei Qia, **, Jun Yangb, c, ***
Progress in Natural Science: Materials International | 2026, 36(1) : 168 - 174
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Progress in Natural Science: Materials International | 2026, 36(1): 168-174
• Research Article •
Hollowing mechanism of noble metal nanoparticles during their Ag-templated synthesis
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Zhong Zhenga, b, Mengyuan Mab, c, Hui Liub, Dong Chenb, Shaonan Tianb, *, Xiwei Qia, **, Jun Yangb, c, ***
Affiliations
  • aSchool of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
  • bState Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
  • cCenter of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Published: 2026-02-22 doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2026.01.004
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Hollow noble metal nanostructures have broad applications in catalysis and other fields. Herein, we report that Ag@metal (Ag@M, M = Ru, Os, Ir, Pt, PtRu, PtRuOs) core@shell nanoparticles synthesized in oleylamine can transform into hollow AgM alloy nanoparticles via prolonged heating. The structural evolution mechanism is attributed to the Kirkendall effect, driven by unbalanced interdiffusion of Ag and M atoms: Ag atoms (with higher mobility) diffuse from the core to the shell more rapidly than M atoms, inducing vacancy flow and interface shift, ultimately forming hollow alloys with slightly reduced particle sizes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals binding energy shifts of Ag and Pt in hollow AgPt alloys due to electronegativity differences. Electrochemical tests show that despite the lower electrochemically active surface area of hollow AgPt alloys caused by Ag-induced Pt dilution, their methanol oxidation reaction activity and onset potential are comparable to the core-shell precursors. This is because the ensemble effect from Ag-Pt alloying weakens CO adsorption on Pt sites, offsetting the dilution-induced negative effect. This study provides insights for designing efficient Ag-based nanoalloy electrocatalysts.

Noble metal nanostructures  /  Core@shell  /  Hollow  /  Kirkendall effect  /  Methanol oxidation reaction
Zhong Zheng, Mengyuan Ma, Hui Liu, Dong Chen, Shaonan Tian, Xiwei Qi, Jun Yang. Hollowing mechanism of noble metal nanoparticles during their Ag-templated synthesis[J]. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 2026 , 36 (1) : 168 -174 . DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2026.01.004
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Funding
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  • Full-Time High-Level Talent Introduction Support Fund for Jun Yang(2023HBQZYCXY031)
  • Energy Revolution S&T Program of Yulin Innovation Institute of Clean Energy(E411060705)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272179; 42307326)
  • CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-044)
  • State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences(MESO-24-A01)
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Year 2026 volume 36 Issue 1
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8
3
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2026.01.004
  • Receive Date：2025-12-24
  • Online Date：2026-06-03
  • Published：2026-02-22
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2025-12-24
  • Revised：2026-01-04
  • Accepted：2026-01-08
Funding
Full-Time High-Level Talent Introduction Support Fund for Jun Yang(2023HBQZYCXY031)
Energy Revolution S&T Program of Yulin Innovation Institute of Clean Energy(E411060705)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272179; 42307326)
CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-044)
State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences(MESO-24-A01)
Affiliations
    aSchool of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
    bState Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
    cCenter of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

Corresponding:

* E-mail addresses: (S. Tian)
** E-mail addresses: (X. Qi)
*** State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. E-mail addresses: (J. Yang).
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/pnsmi/EN/10.1016/j.pnsc.2026.01.004
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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