In order to study the effect of low temperature on mechanical properties, fatigue properties and frost resistance of cement stabilized crushed stone mixture in cold area. Using 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃ to simulate the field low temperature curing condition, based on the mechanical properties test, three-point loading fatigue test and freeze-thaw cycle test, the differences of unconfined compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, dynamic resilience modulus, fatigue resistance and anti-freezing durability of cement stabilized gravel mixture under low temperature curing condition, 20 ℃ standard curing condition and 30 ℃ curing condition were compared. The effect of curing temperature on the attenuation law of microvoid structure of cement-stabilized crushed stone mixture during freeze-thaw cycle test was studied. The results show that, compared with the standard curing temperature (20 ℃), the mechanical properties of cement stabilized macadam mixture decrease by 20%~40% and the fatigue life decrease by 40%~50% under the condition of 5~10 ℃. Low temperature curing has a significant deterioration effect on the mechanical properties, fatigue properties and anti-freezing properties of cement stabilized macadam mixture. The greater the decrease of mechanical properties and fatigue characteristics of cement stabilized crushed stone mixture. Increasing the curing temperature is helpful to reduce the decay rate of micro void diameter after freeze-thaw cycle, increase the stability of the void structure of cement stabilized gravel mixture and refine the micro void structure during the freeze-thaw cycle test, and thus increase the mechanical properties, fatigue durability and frost resistance of cement stabilized gravel mixture.

In order to summarize the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and syndrome elements in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The studies related to TCM syndromes in patients with CKD were searched for in CNKI, WANFANG DATA, VIP, SinoMed, Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library from the inception dates to August 21th, 2024, and extracted the relevant information. WPS Excel was used to count the frequency of basic characteristics, syndrome types, and syndrome elements in the literature for establishing a database. The distribution characteristics of syndrome elements were explored by association rule analysis and systematic clustering techniques within data mining. The results show that a total of 126 articles are enrolled, including 45 382 patients with CKD. There are 129 TCM syndrome types and 37 syndrome elements (23 disease nature elements and 14 disease location elements). There are 7 syndrome element combinations types. The 6 common TCM syndrome types of CKD with a composition ratio ≥5% are spleen and kidney qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, damp-heat syndrome, damp turbidity syndrome, qi and yin deficiency syndrome, and spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome. Disease nature elements: 16 substantial and 7 insubstantial syndrome elements are included. The 6 disease nature elements with a composition ratio ≥5% are qi deficiency, dampness, yin deficiency, blood stasis, heat, yang deficiency. There are 61 syndrome element combinations types of disease nature elements, with 7 combinations with a composition ratio ≥5%, which are: qi deficiency, blood stasis, dampness + heat, yang deficiency, dampness, yin deficiency, and a combination of qi deficiency + yin deficiency. Disease location elements: the 3 disease location elements with a composition ratio ≥5% are kidney, spleen, and liver. There are 23 syndrome element combinations types with a composition ratio ≥5% are spleen + kidney, kidney, liver + kidney. Syndrome element combinations types: one, two, three, four, five, six, and seven syndrome elements are included, with the two-syndrome element combinations being the most common (46.36%). Correlation analysis indicates that the support for the spleen-stomach is the highest, with the highest confidence in spleen-dampness-heat, meridians-tendons and bones, spleen-fluid retention-qi deficiency, and spleen-stomach-dampness. There are 4 clusters group can be obtained results of the system clustering analysis. It is concluded that the TCM syndromes of CKD is deficienc-excess complex. Spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome is the most common syndrome in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main disease location of CKD are kidney, spleen, and liver. Qi deficiency, dampness, yin deficiency, blood stasis, heat, and yang deficiency are common disease nature elements.

In order to investigate the aging mechanism of high dosage rubber powder modified asphalt, with the help of 20%, 25% and 30% of three different dosages of rubber asphalt, using four-component analysis experiment and infrared spectroscopy experiment, evaluation of aging rubber asphalt four-component indexes change, and analyze the chemical composition and functional group changes before and after aging, through the comparative study, to reveal high dosage rubber powder modified asphalt aging mechanism under different aging conditions. The aging mechanism of high doped rubber powder modified asphalt under different aging conditions was revealed through comparative study. The results show that: the aging of high dosage rubber powder modified asphalt components more significant. 20% dosage, the saturation fraction, aromatic fraction and gum decreased by 4.4%, 3.4%, 4.3%, respectively, asphaltene increased by 117.7%; 25% dosage of rubber asphalt saturation fraction decreased by 5.0%, the aromatic fraction decreased by 8.4%, gum decreased by 4.9%, asphaltene increased by 119.3%, and 30% dosage, the decrease is greater, respectively, 7.4%, 9.5%, 6.0%, asphaltene increased to 128.9%; aging process, high dosage of rubber powder modified asphalt has less mass loss, the combination of light components of the asphalt and cracked rubber binding reduces the light component activity and enhances the resistance to aging; high dosage of modified asphalt in the aging conditions of carbonyl and sulfoxide group index growth is more significant, which may lead to a decline in the performance of the The compatibility of rubber and asphalt is more susceptible to aging, which is manifested by more intense vulcanization phenomena and changes in molecular chain cross-linking. The research results provide theoretical support for the aging mechanism of rubber asphalt, and for the practical application and maintenance of high dosage of rubber powder asphalt pavement, which is of great significance to improve the performance of rubber asphalt pavement.

In order to study the effect of freeze-thaw cycle on the stability of lime-amended loess slope, the change rule of shear strength and soil-water characteristics of lime-amended loess under different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles was obtained by straight shear test and soil-water characteristics test, and the stability of high-fill loess slope was analysed by using the strength discount method with MIDAS GTS NX software. The results show that: the internal friction angle and cohesion of the soil samples both increase with the increase of the age of maintenance, and with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the internal friction angle of the soil samples will first increase and then gradually tend to be stable, and the cohesion will first decrease and then gradually tend to be stable; the lime-amended loess has its matrix suction maximum at the lowest temperature of the first freeze-thaw cycle, and its matrix suction is minimum at the second freeze-thaw cycle, and after that the matrix suction of the soil body increased. Freezing and thawing cycles will cause the slope infiltration flow rate to increase; the trend of pore water pressure changes in the freezing and thawing slope model is the same as that of the unfrozen slope, and the pore water pressure is positive at the bottom of the slope model, and then decreases gradually near the top of the slope, and then reaches the minimum at the top of the slope. The freeze-thaw cycle will cause the strain of the slope to increase under rainfall conditions, which affects the safety and stability of the slope; the shallow freeze-thaw has little effect on the safety of high-fill improved loess slopes.

The double bottom blowing lead smelting is a representative kind of oxygen-enriched enhanced molten pool smelting process. Comparing with the traditional ore lead smelting,its production operation is more complex for coprocessing lead based solid waste. In order to ensure its production status in a stable and economic state, there are higher requirements for its process control. MetCal desk metallurgical computing platform was used to establish a calculation model for the double bottom blowing lead smelting process for coprocessing lead based solid waste through the principles of material balance, thermal balance and chemical balance in the smelting process. The process parameters of the double bottom blowing lead smelting process for coprocessing lead based solid waste were simulated and calculated. Meanwhile, the model was modified and controlled by the feedback control algorithm to make it more in line with the actual production situation, which can provide guidance for the actual production operation of the process engineers and realize the optimal control of the process.

In order to minimize the influence of construction for airport operation, the construction method of closing part of time or some pavement without stopping is usually used by the airport pavement maintenance office. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the key objectives of construction management, such as quality, duration and safety, and carry out a research on construction organization and management in the maintenance and repair of airport pavement. A multi-objective optimization model was proposed for the non-stop construction organization of airport pavements, focusing on the construction period within airport pavement maintenance management. The construction process was emphasized and functional relationships among cost, quality, and construction time were established to quantify each objective scientifically. Moreover, an optimization model was developed, incorporating the construction window period as a constraint and leveraging the closure of nighttime hours to facilitate uninterrupted construction without disrupting navigation. The approach ensures efficient non-stop construction of airport pavements. In the model, a triple objective optimization strategy was employed, aiming to minimize duration and cost while maximizing quality level. To solve the model, the performance of multiple objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ(NSGA-II), and NSGA-III algorithms was compared under the 3D objectives. The results demonstrate that all three algorithms show commendable performance in solving the concave optimization problem DTLZ2, with NSGA-III notably outperforming the others in tackling the three-dimensional optimization problem. The capacity of the model to further optimize construction management objectives, while fully adhering to construction constraints, was verified, which provided a decision-making framework for construction organization and management in airport pavement maintenance, catering to diverse requirements.

In order to estimate carbon storage and investigate its influencing factors in typical karst rocky desertification regions, Jianshui County, located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and within the Nanpan River Basin, was selected for study due to its significant ecological position. Data from Landsat 5 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance, Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance, and digital elevation model (DEM) were used to conduct the analysis. The google earth engine (GEE) platform and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) model was used to estimate and predict carbon storage, while the geodetector tool was employed to analyze influencing factors. The results show that, between 2000 and 2020, Jianshui County was predominantly classified as potential rocky desertification and non-desertification, with the rocky desertification area found to have decreased by 115 km² overall, and the non-desertification area increased by 21 km², reflecting an improvement in desertification conditions. Carbon storage displayed a spatial distribution pattern of “higher in the north and south, lower in the center,” with recorded values of 116.293 t, 113.310 t, and 118.363 t in 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively, demonstrating an initial decrease followed by an increase. Projections suggest that carbon storage may reach 129.981 t by 2030. Temperature (q=0.672) was identified as the primary factor affecting changes in carbon storage, with the interactions between factors shown to have a stronger effect on carbon storage than individual factors, especially the interaction between slope and temperature (q=0.998), indicating a non-linear enhancement. It is concluded that carbon storage in Jianshui County exhibits a trend of initial decrease followed by increase, influenced by both natural and social factors, with a spatial pattern of “higher in the north and south, lower in the center.”

In order to evaluate the characteristics of fire smoke dispersion in large-space buildings, FDS software was used to investigate the effects of air-inlet position, smoke-proofing depth and smoke exhausting rate to the working efficiency of fire isolation belt. The results show that, by opening the air-inlet in the non-fire zone and closing that in the fire zone, a reverse airflow can be induced below the fire isolation belt, which resists the smoke overflow and reduces the disturbances to the smoke layer. The increase of the smoke-proofing depth can increase the space for smoke storage and reduce the height of the smoke layer, thus delaying the instant of smoke overflow by decreasing the generation rate of fire smoke. In the scenario without mechanical smoke exhausting in the fire isolation belt, the instant of smoke overflow can be delayed by about 50% when the smoke-proofing depth increases from 20% to 40%. By adopting mechanical smoke exhausting in the fire isolation belt, the accumulated smoke can be timely extracted, which can effectively prevent the smoke spilling into other non-fire zone. It is concluded that, through an overall consideration to the smoke isolation efficiency, building functions and construction costs, the combination of “40% smoke-proofing depth + adopting the mechanical smoke exhausting rate with reference to the Smoke Standard + opening the air-inlet in the adjacent non-fire zone” is recommended as an advantageous design principle for fire isolation belts.

In the event of a public health emergency, the selection of the optimal distribution locations of daily necessities is crucial. Accordingly, the emergency distribution of daily necessities in Changchun City was taken as an example for empirical research and an optimization algorithm was proposed for the location of emergency supplies distribution. Initially, the virtual material warehouses, distribution candidate locations, and service coverage areas were determined by using K-means clustering and the Thiessen polygon method. Then, an optimization model was established with the goals of maximum coverage and minimum cost, and an improved genetic algorithm based on adaptive elite retention strategy was proposed to solve it. Empirical research had shown that the clustering algorithm could obtain 873 virtual material warehouses and distribution candidates, while Thiessen polygons could determine the reasonable coverage range of candidates, and improved genetic algorithms could obtain better 30 material warehouses and distribution locations. Data analysis had also found that there was a time lag between the distribution of supplies and effective control of infection. Therefore, once the rate of new additions exceeds the normal value, emergency supplies should be increased in advance to control further outbreaks of possible infections.The research results are beneficial for enhancing the ability of urban crisis management and emergency response, ensuring timely and efficient supply of daily necessities.

In order to solve the problem of unbalanced ratio of excavation and anchor and the difficulty of single transportation in fully mechanized excavation roadway, a cooperative anchor truck for fully mechanized excavation roadway was designed. Based on ADAMS, the kinematics model of the cooperative anchor truck was established, and the trajectory planning of the efficient support operation was carried out. The mechanical characteristics and ultimate support distance of each leg during the forward movement of the supporting device and the supporting monomer were analyzed. The results show that during the forward movement of the supporting monomer, when the four legs are fully supported, the force and moment of the front leg increase by 196% and 195% respectively, and the force and moment of the rear leg decrease from 73.5 kN and 238 kN · m to 0 respectively. The limit distance of the support is 15.3 m, which meets the design requirements of the support. When the three legs are supported and the right rear leg is not supported, the force and torque of the left front leg are increased by 566% and 572% respectively, and the force and torque of the left rear leg are reduced from 145 kN and 462 kN · m to 0 respectively. The constant force and torque of the right front leg are 150.8 kN and 569.4 kN · m, and the limit distance is 14.99 m. It can be seen that under the special working condition of three-leg support and no support for the right rear leg, the limit distance of the cooperative transport anchor vehicle exceeds the maximum length of the roadheader, which meets the requirements of efficient support.