Science communication policy guides the organization, development, supervision, and evaluation of science communication activities, and ensures the effect of science communication. Learning from the policy formulation and implementation experience of science communication in developed countries is helpful in improving the policy system of science communication in China. Taking some developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, Australia and Canada as objects, this paper collected and sorted out relevant materials by literature research and network research methods, then analyzed the formulation concept, formulation process, advocacy content, implementation mechanism and effect evaluation of science communication policy. The formulation and implementation of science popularization policy in China should meet the requirements of national stage goals, shift from “public understanding of science” to “public engagement of science”, innovate the content and form of science popularization, systematically build the capacity of science popularization, and supervise the implementation and effect evaluation of science popularization policy.

Through field study and literature review, this paper analyzes the content of permanent exhibitions of 179 science and technology museums nationwide and 72 science and technology museums abroad. We summarize three major categories and 22 sub-categories of the content of permanent exhibitions, and compare the similarities and differences in exhibition content of science and technology museums at home and abroad. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions for the designation of the exhibition are put forward, namely, enriching displaying content in multiple ways, including further strengthening the development of exhibits showing basic science; creating characteristic exhibition content through integration of science and technology, culture and industry; focusing scientific spirit by displaying the history of science and technology and stories of scientists; and equipping exhibition content according to responsibilities and expertise of science and technology museum.

According to the statistics and classification of the science popularization theme new-year-pictures from 1949 to 1985, combined with the historical background of science popularization in different periods, the science popularization theme of new-year-pictures can be roughly divided into four stages of development. It is believed that its growth reflects the development of science popularization in China. Its transformation is closely related to the state development strategy, science popularization policy, and the development of the new-year-pictures industry. The science popularization theme of new-year-pictures play an important role in popularizing science because of their closeness, intuitiveness and symbolism in showing advanced modes of production and guiding healthy lifestyles. This paper has essential enlightenment to the current rural science popularization work.

Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, combined with the connotation of the times and practical requirements of the science popularization in China, and according to the principle of “law and law cohesion”, the Law on Popularization of Science and Technology needs to be further revised and improved from three aspects: legislative basis, effectiveness of content, and legal responsibility. In terms of legislative basis, we should follow the theory of “legal rank”, closely connect the superior law, and strive to realize that the legal basis and factual basis for the revision of the Law on Popularization of Science and Technology is accurate and strict. In the aspect of effectiveness of content, it is necessary to reasonably connect with relevant science and technology laws, education laws, communication laws and social laws, and the effectiveness of the applicable laws should be divided and accurately. As for legal responsibility, we use appropriate legislative technology to align the Law on Popularization of Science and Technology highly with the Law on Administrative Penalty, Civil Code, and Criminal Law. Only by ensuring that the Law on Popularization of Science and Technology and other relevant laws are profoundly coordinated, organically unified, and have complementary functions, can we fully play its guarantee role and leading value in the development of science popularization in China.

Science popularization social collaboration has brought new ideas to the science popularization development path. This paper systematically describes the subject, mechanism and “translation” process of science popularization, analyzes the shackles of laws and regulations when subjects of science popularization carry out collaborative science popularization work, and proposes ideas of revising the Law on Popularization of Science and Technology, by clarifying the subjects’ responsibility of science popularization, sharing science popularization resources, and carrying out science popularization evaluation.

Law on Popularization of Science and Technology should take into account its dual attributes of “soft law” and “hard law”, “incentive law” and “regulatory law”. The responsibility of science popularization is not only a social responsibility but also a legal one. The revision of Law on Popularization of Science and Technology should complete the legislative task of materializing the legal system of promoting and protecting the national interests, public interests as well as individual rights and interests related to science popularization. Simultaneously, establishing specific rules and guidelines for evaluating science popularization activities with standardized governance of science popularization is essential to carry out “soft law” attribute.

In the new era, understanding scientists’ science popularization responsibility from the perspective of science popularization and rule of law and how to effectively practice science popularization responsibility in the scientific community has attracted more and more attention from the scientific community, and the government and even the whole society. This paper summarizes the concept and characteristics of science popularization responsibility of scientific community, traces the emergence and evolution of science popularization responsibility of the scientific community in history, constructs the system and connotation of science popularization responsibility of the scientific community, studies and judges the situation and challenges faced by science popularization of the scientific community under the background of science popularization rule of law in the new era, and puts forward relevant suggestions on strengthening the construction of science popularization responsibility of the scientific community.

Emergency science popularization is an essential work of emergency management, the subject of emergency science popularization mainly includes the government, scientist, and media agency. At present, there are some problems such as inaccurate information, untimely communication and non-standard management in the work of emergency science popularization, which are related to unclear definition of emergency science popularization responsibility. From the legal perspective, it is mainly due to fuzzy division of legal responsibility, improper responsibility engagement, and unstrict responsibility supervision. Strengthening official emergency science popularization should define the responsibility of the government, the scientist and the media agency with emergency governance authority, the right of content production, and the responsibility of information transmission. Under the legal framework for constructing a tripartite cooperation mechanism, it is suggested to complete the system of responsibility identification, responsibility supervision, responsibility recogonization and responsibility relief to provide necessary legal support for emergency science popularization activities.