The spirit of craftsmanship is the secret weapon to propel Germany’s industrialization and modernization. With the rise of a power country，Germany has taken a series of measures to cultivate the spirit of craftsmanship. In the field of vocational education，Germany has established a“dualism”vocational education system. In the field of science investigation and application，it has has developed a research and innovation system dominated by research—education—industry that combine industry，academia，and research. In the field of history and culture，it has a cultural atmosphere and historical tradition that emphasize rationality and science. In the field of Politics，The German government pays attention to the cultivation of the spirit of science and craftsmanship，and provides sufficient institutional guarantees and policy support. Currently，it is of great practical significance，for the development strategies of China’s creation，the National Science Literacy Action Plan，the Science and Technology Innovation National Construction Development Goals，and the“Made in China 2025”Plan，to refer to the measures and experiences of Germany’s spirit of craftsmanship cultivation.

Science popularization is an important way and form to transmit the innovative culture to society. This study first analyzes the connotation and characteristics of innovative culture，and then clarifies the logic of forming an innovative culture. It also explores the ways in which science popularization can help promote the construction of an innovative culture. The study sorts out the mechanisms for science popularization participating in the construction of an innovative culture at different stages，and constructs a planar mechanism framework by introducing social interaction theory and science communication models. Against the backdrop，three suggestions were thus put forward，i.e.，the construction of a narrative system for science popularization towards the goal of building a world leader in science and technology，the improvement of the effectiveness of a value identification-oriented communication system，and the enrichment of diversified media strategies with dialogue as the focus. These suggestions will provide references for the use of science popularization to promote the construction of an innovative culture.

The national capacity for science popularization refers to the ability of a state to provide popular science products and services to the entire society with the aim of improving citizens’scientific literacy and promote scientific and technological innovation. As the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation progresses，national science popularization capacity has emerged as a critical index that can not be overlooked for accessing a country’s comprehensive strength. This paper examines the complex domestic and international landscape of science popularization and its role in enabling Chinese-style modernization through a goal-oriented and problem-solving approach. It analyzes the mission and requirements for constructing national science popularization capacity in the new era. It analyzes the mission and requirements for constructing of national science popularization capacity in the new era. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as the national innovation system and the long-standing practice of China’s science popularization capacity building，it elucidates the contemporary significance of this concept. The discussion extends to the construction of a national science popularization capacity system in the new era，focusing on three core elements：science popularization resources，platforms，and talents. Subsequently，it proposes an effective strategy for enhancing national science popularization capacity that includes：strengthening supporting mechanism，enhancing core elements supply and promoting practical innovation.

With the trend of vigorously promoting the participation of scientists in science popularization activities，how to assist scientists in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of science popularization has become a challenge faced by various countries. This research argues to draw on the experience of European science museums in assisting scientists in conducting science popularization activities. Based on interviews with the heads of education departments at five science and technology museums in Europe，and an analysis of the exhibition materials at these venues，this research delves into how these five venues support effective participation of scientists in science popularization activities through interactive exhibitions and educational resources. The results show that the European Science and Technology Museum effectively enhances the participation and effectiveness of scientists in science popularization activities through diverse display methods and professional training. These findings provide reference for China’s science and technology museums to establish diverse platforms for interaction and communication between scientists and the public，emphasizing the provision of science popularization ability training for scientists，and collaborating with scientists to promote the spread of scientific spirit. In addition，it is recommended to conduct more basic research and utilize the technological advantages of science museums to innovate the forms of science popularization activities and promote the inheritance and development of science and culture.

Enriching supply，innovating form and optimizing content are important tasks of science popularization in the new era. Museums not only collect many precious cultural relics，but also have widespread popular support，which are unique advantages in promoting citizens’scientific and artistic quality. The National Museum of China（NMC）is the top palace of history，art，and a cultural parlor for China. This paper takes the smart exhibition named“Digital World of Rhino-shaped Vessel”in NMC as an example，attempting to analyze the design and effect of the exhibition from the perspective of science popularization. To strengthen science popularization in the new era，it’s vital to deeply delve into the fine traditional Chinese culture and make full use of profound cultural resources in enhancing scientific and artistic quality of citizens.

It is of vital importance to promote the outstanding traditional Chinese culture for the purpose of advancing the development of science education in China. We can delve into the glorious traditional Chinese culture，especially in the realms of outstanding traditional science and education，to explore the“root”and“soul”of Chinese science education. This endeavor aims to promote the localization of science education，paving the way for a development path with distinctive Chinese characteristics，style，demeanor，and spirit. Upholding the outstanding traditional Chinese culture not only facilitates the creative transformation from a model of scientific knowledge education to that of scientific cultural education，but also contributes to achieving innovative development through the organic integration of tradition and modernity，East and West，and science and humanities.

Since the pilots of the New Era Civilization Practice Center were organized in 2018, science & technology associations have become an important science popularization force for New Era Civilization Practice Center through extensive science and technology voluntary services. Actively exploring and summarizing the paths of science & technology associations to stimulate the science popularization work of New Era Civilization Practice Center is a significant content to promote the in-depth interaction and co-development of science popularization work between science & technology associations and New Era Civilization Practice Center. Based on the analysis of the internal logic and practical difficulties of science & technology associations participating in New Era Civilization Practice Center science popularization work, this paper suggests four important paths to provide reference for science & technology associations effectively participation in the science popularization work of New Era Civilization Practice Center through case studies: strengthen the team building, utilize the New Era Civilization Practice Center science popularization service platform, innovate the sinking mode of science & technology associations popularization resources, and improve the institution and mechanism construction.

Good governance in the digital society requires the enhancement of citizens’ digital literacy and skills, a re-examination of citizens’ data rights in the “big data era” and a restructuring of the digital ethical order in the digital society. Digital literacy and skills are intrinsic requirements for citizens’ digital survival in a digital society. At present, the world is facing a serious “digital divide”, and the average level of digital literacy among citizens in China is not high, so it is necessary to strengthen popular education and publicity in the future to steadily improve digital literacy and skills of all citizens in China. Citizens are deeply embedded in the production process of “big data”, and the transfer of rights has become a source of risk, and “data hegemony” has become a serious challenge to citizens’ data rights, and it is necessary to continuously protect citizens’ data rights through the enlightenment of ideas and the creation of institutions in the future. The healthy development and sound governance of the digital society require a rethinking of traditional social values and norms of behavior, and the establishment of a governance mechanism and system that includes the participation of multiple actors to jointly shape a new ethical order for digital technology.

Gao Shiqi, a famous science writer praised as “representative of science popularization” by Premier Zhou Enlai, began to enter the field of science writing by publishing his first scientific essay “The Clothing, Food, Shelter and Travel of Bacteria” in 1935. He used scientific essays as weapons to promote the spread of Marxism. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, he focused on science popularization. On the basis of the comprehensive arrangement of Gao Shiqi’s manuscripts and the reading of a large number of relevant literature, this paper systematically summarizes Gao Shiqi’s theory of “making science popular” for the first time. It also gives feasible suggestions on how to carry forward the theory in the new era.

Creative work is intrinsically coupled with the improvement of teenagers’ scientific literacy. Scientific literacy is an essential requirement for creative work, and creative work is an important way to improve scientific literacy. We should take measures to enhance teenagers’ ability to creative work, such as improving the quality of education, expanding the channels for the integration between industry and education, giving full play to the effect of innovation models, and create a social atmosphere of tolerance for failure.