The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to strengthen basic research，highlight originality，and encourage free exploration. This discourse highlights the important role of basic scientific research in China’s scientific construction in the new era. However，at this stage，basic scientific research is not only facing traditional problems but also experiencing secondary scientific risks transmitted to the process of basic scientific research due to the embedding of social factors. Based on this，this article takes the LK-99 room temperature superconductivity event as a typical case and analyzes the risks in the process of basic science research from the perspective of public science by Alan Irving. It is believed that it is necessary to reconstruct the relationship between basic science research and the public from a public perspective，reshape the new pattern of scientific communication，interpret new ways of public risk perception，summarize the reasons why science and public relations do not match with second modernity，and reconstruct the relationship to rebuild the identity of“scientific citizen.”This will promote the establishment of an open science and knowledge-robust society，promote effective governance of process risks in basic science research，and safeguard the development of basic science research and its scientific communication in China.