Scientific literacy is a vital component of national competency，and enhancing it holds great importance for both individual growth and national development. Visiting science and technology museums serves as a key avenue for enhancing citizens’scientific literacy. Analysis of data from the 13th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey in 2023 reveals that such visits significantly enhance scientific literacy，particularly in the dimensions of scientific methods，scientific spirit，and scientific abilities. Moreover，visiting science and technology museums has a greater impact on disadvantaged groups，contributing to reducing disparities in scientific literacy across gender，urban-rural divides，and regional differences.Based on these findings，this study suggests expanding the reach of science and technology museums and enhancing their capacity to provide high-quality services. It also emphasizes the need to deepen the content of exhibitions and educational programs，with a particular focus on fostering citizens’understanding of scientific methods，scientific spirit，and scientific abilities. Additionally，it advocates for greater precision in science popularization efforts，recommending targeted exhibition and education activities that prioritize disadvantaged groups，including women，the elderly，rural populations，and residents in central and western regions.

Science identity plays a critical role in fostering adolescents’scientific literacy and cultivating national scientific talent. Science identity，derived from the psychological concept of“identity，”refers to an individual’s possession of scientific capabilities，ability to work like a scientist，self-recognition as a“science person，”and acknowledgment by others as such. Science identity is conceptualized through four frameworks：the single-dimensional“recognition”framework，the two-dimensional“self-social”framework，the three-dimensional“recognition-competence-performance”framework，and the four-dimensional“recognition-competence-performance-interest”framework. As an ontological marker of adolescents’scientific literacy development，science identity functions as both a means of identifying and expressing scientific literacy ontologically and a framework for evaluating it. The practical pathway to enhancing adolescents’scientific literacy through the lens of science identity can be summarized in three steps. First，adolescents establish science identity standards during scientific learning to cultivate an ontological awareness of scientific literacy. Second，they“input”science identity through social interactions，thereby activating this ontological awareness. Third，they compare their science identity during scientific practice to validate this awareness，ultimately“outputting”a subjective understanding of scientific literacy.

Public attitudes toward science constitute a key research focus in the field of science popularization. This study develops a scale for measuring public attitudes toward science based on psychological assumptions and validates it through the Rasch Model，examining its unidimensionality，local independence，structural validity，item fit，person fit，and rating scale functioning. The validated scale effectively measures the construct of“public attitudes toward science”and can be applied in subsequent research. Additionally，the Rasch Model proves to be a valuable supplementary tool for assessing the micro-level impacts of science popularization.

In the process of advancing the development of a Healthy China，it is of great significance to explore the key factors and configuration paths influencing the dissemination effectiveness of health science popularization short videos on TikTok. This study，based on the socio-technical systems theoretical framework and the fsQCA method，analyzes the complex relationships between key factors in the“social”and“technical”sub-system dimensions and the achievement of high dissemination effectiveness of health science popularization short videos from a configurational perspective. The findings show that：(1) Individual key factors are not necessary conditions for achieving high dissemination effectiveness. However，conditional variables such as topic guidance and content related to healthy lifestyles play a more universally significant role in attaining high dissemination effectiveness for short videos. (2) Three types of configuration paths can achieve high dissemination effectiveness：socially-driven，technologically-driven，and“subject-title-length”compensatory paths. In addition，this study identifies four configurations leading to low dissemination effectiveness. First，shorter titles and video durations result in insufficient depth in the video's content. Secondly，the lack of appeal in the video content categories and themes results in low dissemination effectiveness. Thirdly，the absence of topic guidance and content categorization leads to low dissemination effectiveness. Lastly，the uncertainty of key elements such as title length and video duration within the technical system can also lead to low dissemination effectiveness. This paper adopts a configurational analysis perspective to examine the coupling effects between key factors on the dissemination effectiveness of health science popularization short videos. The findings hold significant theoretical and practical value in uncovering the configurational paths for achieving high dissemination effectiveness in such videos.

Science popularization picture books serve a critical function in science popularization，educational outreach，and cultural exchange，yet their developmental pathways and expressive forms exhibit marked variations across diverse cultural contexts. Employing a comparative research methodology，this study comprehensively examines the developmental characteristics of science popularization picture books in China and the West across six dimensions: historical development，artistic style，thematic evolution，classification systems，creative communities，and societal impact. The study reveals that western science popularization picture books，emerging from the Enlightenment era，have progressively developed a diversified expressive approach and a robust market ecosystem through profound integration of scientific and artistic elements，with a pronounced emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration and global knowledge exchange. Throughout China’s modernization process，science popularization picture books have cultivated distinctive cultural attributes，constructing a developmental trajectory uniquely rooted in the synthesis of indigenous cultural elements and contemporary scientific insights. Drawing from these findings，the study recommends that future Chinese science popularization picture books should be based on maintaining cultural self-confidence to reinforce interdisciplinary collaboration，accelerate the development of comprehensive classification standards，leverage digital technological innovations，and strategically interweave local cultural narratives with global thematic concerns to amplify international resonance.

By facilitating greater participation，richer content presentation，more efficient knowledge translation，and more focused science outreach，generative AI has the potential to enhance science communication and popularization significantly. This technology also introduces two different kinds of ethical risks. On the one hand，generative AI raises technical，ethical questions about information authenticity，fairness，security，bias，and copyright. On the other hand，problems historically linked to science popularization may get worse，such as oversimplification，a lack of scientific communication，the erosion of scientific authority，and populism. Consequently，it is crucial to investigate the application potential of generative artificial intelligence in science popularization practices going forward，as well as to raise the technical awareness，application capabilities，and supervision level of the general public，science popularization professionals，and regulators. Additionally，it is necessary to guarantee the accuracy，privacy security，and fairness of the content produced for science popularization.

The content creation in science popularization led by artificial intelligence means that science popularization content production has entered a brand new stage of development. This paper analyzes the current situation and challenges in the development of AI-Generated science popularization content，the underlying logic of AI-Generated science popularization content from the technical paths of large model pre-training，vertical domain model fine-tuning，and popular science content generation，as well as the roles and functions of the three types of science popularization content producers，namely professional content producers，occupational content producers，and the public，in the process of collaborating with AI to create science popularization content. Based on the results of the study，this paper suggests that in order to realize the high-quality development of science popularization，it is necessary to carry out the “AI +”action in the field of science popularization，promote the in-depth fusion of AI and science popularization，and build a new paradigm of human-machine collaboration and multiple co-creation of intelligent science popularization content creation，so as to provide an intelligent impetus for improving the scientific quality of all the people.

The deep integration of generative artificial intelligence（Gen AI）technology in museum-school collaboration will bring about profound changes in science education models，concepts，scenarios，applications，and the relationship between subjects. Using the Actor Network Theory as an analytical tool，this paper analyzes the role of the actor，the process of information translation，and the construction of the network when Gen AI is involved to clarify the transformation of the science education model in museum-school collaboration promoted by Gen AI. It discusses the problems that may be brought about by the application of Gen AI in science education，such as the risks of digital divide，technology dependence and ethical bias. Corresponding countermeasures are proposed，including improving digital literacy，optimizing curriculum design，and improving AI ethics，in order to promote the systematic construction and sustainable development of museum-school collaboration.

From the perspective of gender，combined with relevant literature，this paper analyzes the related concept of women in science popularization contained in the current policies，regulations and academic research in the field of science popularization in China，and examines the main types and basic status of women in science popularization practices in China from the perspectives of women as the main body and the object of science popularization. It is contended that many significant achievements have been made in the cognition and practice of popular science for women in China. However，problems still exist，such as the ambiguous concept of women in science popularization，the insufficient initiative of female groups to participate in popular science activities，and the less attention paid to in-depth issues such as science and gender. Accordingly，more active explorations and reforms should be made at the levels of subsequent policy-making，academic research and practice of science popularization.

Women play an important role in economic and social development，and the construction of women’s scientific literacy is of great significance for building a high-quality innovation army and promoting the practical transformation of productivity. This article aims to analyze the development status of scientific literacy among female citizens in China and propose suggestions for improving their level of scientific literacy. By analyzing the data from the 13th Chinese Citizen Science Literacy Sampling Survey，this study explores the different manifestations of women’s scientific literacy levels in terms of region，urban-rural area，age group，educational level，occupational group，level of interest in scientific and technological information，and channels for obtaining scientific and technological information. The results show that the scientific literacy of female citizens in China has grown rapidly，and the gender gap has been narrowing yearly. However，the overall level is relatively low，with scores in all dimensions lower than the national level. There are regional differences in the scientific literacy level of female citizens in China，with higher levels in urban areas than in rural areas and higher levels in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. The scientific literacy level of female citizens in China decreases with age and increases with education，and is lower than the national level in all age and education groups. Female citizens in our country have a high level of support for technological development，and their interest in technological information is generally average. Female citizens in our country often obtain technological information through digital products，and the utilization rate of science popularization infrastructure is low. On this basis，the following countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to improve the scientific literacy level of female citizens in China. First，optimize social gender awareness and cultural concepts and accelerate the bridging of the urban-rural scientific literacy gap. Second，establish a nationwide women’s education and training system，and improve the mechanism for ensuring women’s education and employment. Third，highlight the key points of women’s science popularization work and focus on women’s groups to carry out science popularization activities. Fourth，expand the channels for utilizing digital technology to obtain technological information and create a favorable atmosphere for women’s participation in science.