Semiconductor technology is crucial to national economic security and defense capabilities. Facing increasingly fierce global competition, the U.S. government has enacted multiple legislative acts since 2021 with unprecedented intensity to support domestic semiconductor industry development, aiming to restore America's global leadership in semiconductors. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), serving as the United States' national metrology institute while also functioning as a comprehensive national−level technical research institution, has been designated as the primary implementing agency for the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 (referred to as the CHIPS Act), playing a critical role in the Act's implementation. This paper systematically analyzes NIST's organizational transformation, project deployment, funding investment, and implementation effectiveness over the three years since the CHIPS Act's implementation, examining NIST's functional expansion from a provider of national measurement standards and reference materials to a core coordinator for semiconductor industry revitalization. The research finds that NIST has fully leveraged its technical advantages in the semiconductor field and industry chain integration capabilities, successfully constructing a comprehensive semiconductor industry support system through systematic planning and coordination of key innovation elements including funding, projects, platforms, and talent. This system encompasses regional innovation ecosystem development, commercialization pathway expansion, and high−level talent cultivation. Through comparative analysis of the U.S. government's innovative practices in supporting NIST, this study reveals the pivotal role of national metrology institutes in modern industrial innovation systems, providing important implications for China's development in related fields.