Membrane separation technology, the mainstream of lithium extraction from salt lake brine in China, has a great strategic significance for the development of lithium resources and new energy in China. Based on the research results published in top international journals in 2023, this paper reviews the important studies of lithium extraction from salt lake brine by membrane method from the aspects of membrane modification, process parameter optimization, and multiple membrane processes, and provides a reference for the latest developments in the field. Membrane modification research mainly focuses on enhancing the electropositivity and permeability of the membrane, which aims to overcome the trade-off effect. The optimization of process parameters, which is conducive to the separation potential of high-performance membranes, requires further in-depth research. Being capable of realizing ultra-high purity Li⁺ enrichment, the multistage membrane coupling process is an important way for membrane lithium extraction from saline lakes towards industrial application.

Rapid changes in human activities have led to a dramatic decline in global biodiversity. As a critical type of protected area, national parks play an irreplaceable role in biodiversity conservation. China's first batch of national parks have strengthened biodiversity conservation in national parks through pathways, such as building an intelligent management system, formulating a green development framework based on ecological compensation and concessions, enriching the content and means of publicity and education, multisectoral co-operation and co-construction, and supplementing legal norms. However, there are also many challenges, such as inadequate management system, insufficient binding effect of existing control measures on human activities, difficulty in rapid restoration of vegetation cover in the abandoned land of historical mines, threat of invasive species by outsiders, and global warming. In order to cope with the above problems, recommendations are made to strengthen the scientific research on biodiversity conservation in national parks at the levels of genetics, species and ecosystem diversity; to take into account the demands of biodiversity conservation and relevant stakeholders, and formulate a scientific, feasible and flexible control system; to strengthen the policy guarantee system in the areas of laws, funds and personnel, and to establish a system of evaluating the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation that can be applied to multiple types of national parks, so as to ensure the effectiveness of national parks' biodiversity conservation. The Government should also strengthen the policy guarantee system in terms of law, funding and personnel, and establish an evaluation system for the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation applicable to many types of national parks, so as to ensure the long-term and stable development of biodiversity conservation in national parks.

Biodiversity is the material basis of human survival. China attaches great importance to biodiversity conservation and is leading the global implementation of the "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework" to strengthen global biodiversity conservation, which has opened a new era for the global biodiversity conservation and governance. Based on the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation in China, in this paper, the problems and challenges faced by biodiversity conservation in China were systematically analyzed. Meanwhile, it summarized the existing problems in the level of biodiversity mainstreaming, the threats of biodiversity loss, governance capacity, and the ability to lead global governance of biodiversity. Proposals on China's biodiversity conversation in the new era were made, such as accelerating the improvement of biodiversity conservation and social action systems, promoting ecological protection, restoration and supervision synergistically, establishing long-term investigation, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, continually pushing forward the modernization of biodiversity governance and continuing to lead the global biodiversity governance.

Currently, China is vigorously promoting the establishment of the system of protected areas with national parks as the main body. In addition to safeguarding the integrity and authenticity of the ecosystem, protecting and restoring rare and endangered species and their habitats, and maintaining and enhancing ecosystem services, national parks also play a crucial role in mitigating climate change and facilitating China's "carbon neutrality" goals. With the strategic objective of achieving carbon neutrality, it is crucial to prioritize the construction, management, and utilization of national parks as carbon reservoirs. However, comparing with relevant international studies, research on national parks' contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation and their role in attaining carbon neutrality is still at an early stage in China. Climate change poses various potential impacts on national parks, including altering land use patterns, compromising ecosystem integrity, affecting species and their habitats, and intensifying climate extremes. Therefore, in this paper, measures and recommendations for the establishment and management of national parks in China within the framework of carbon neutrality goals are proposed: (1) exploring collaborative mechanisms and pathways for managing both the development of national park system and climate change; (2) enhancing the construction and monitoring of protected areas with national parks as the main body amidst changing climatic conditions; (3) strengthening supervision over carbon emission reduction initiatives within protected areas such as national parks; (4) further investigating "nature-based solutions" to formulate comprehensive action plans.

Given the exponential growth of the global population and the advancements in socio-economic development, ecological security has emerged as a pivotal factor for both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development strategies. Thus, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the relationship among ecological security, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable development, as well as the future directions of ecological security research. Due to the lack of clearly defined ecological security assessment systems and evaluation factors, reconciling diverse conservation objectives within intricate ecosystems poses a formidable challenge, resulting in substantial disparities between anticipated and actual ecological security assessments. To address these challenges, the integration of research strategies focusing on ecological sensitivity, vulnerability, and importance is proposed to be included into the assessment of ecological security. This approach aims to enhance the clarity of conservation entities and targets, improve the timeliness of ecological security evaluations, and strengthen risk assessment and management by establishing close links with complex ecosystem processes. Furthermore, this research critically examines the current research methods and presents future prospects for investigation in terms of improving the selection of indices and evaluation methods for ecological security. It aims to overcome traditional approaches by comprehensively considering the roles and functions of ecological sensitivity, ecological vulnerability, and ecological importance. Additionally, it seeks to predict spatial trends in ecological security by incorporating various future scenarios. This aims to provide practical decision-making references for the conservation of biodiversity and the promotion of sustainable development.

With the aim to safeguard the authenticity and integrity of ecosystems, remarkable outcomes have been made for China's national parks. However, scholars pointed out issues and challenges existed, including inadequate spatial integrity, limited scope for development, and the inevitable conflict between human activities and environmental preservation. In this study, cases of national parks with distinct natural ecological characteristics and socio-economic backgrounds from different areas in the United States, Canada, and France were reviewed. Meanwhile, it investigated various models of ecological conservation employed by these countries' national parks, including wilderness preservation and ecological integrity conservation influenced by the concept of wilderness, as well as human-land symbiotic system protection guided by the theory of "ecological solidarity". The objectives, theoretical foundations, protection strategies, and techniques employed in different modes are summarized comprehensively. Based on the analysis of the background, distinctive features, and relevant experiences of national park ecological conservation models in various countries, in the study, it put forward a set of recommendations for priority actions in three key dimensions: theoretical exploration, practice of balancing protection and development, and construction of ecological protection governance system.

The concept of public welfare for all people, one of the three core concepts of China's national parks construction, is of great significance for the high-quality construction of the world’s largest national park system. Although the concept has been frequently mentioned in relevant government documents, there is still a lack of specific operational guidelines and institutional safeguards in practice, resulting in poor realization of the concept. Based on the analysis of the current situation and the problems and challenges facing the realization of public welfare for all in China's national parks, this paper draws on the successful experiences of other countries in promoting the construction of national parks for public welfare, and puts forward policy recommendations to promote the realization of public welfare for all in China's national parks from four aspects: strengthening the construction of laws and systems, deepening the institutional mechanism for public participation, improving the concession system, and optimizing the services of nature education and ecotourism.

The application of uniform droplets is extensive, and the generation methods are increasingly efficient and controllable. This paper describes the principles of continue ink jet (CIJ) and drop-on-demand (DOD). Based on different pulse force formation principles, the technology for producing uniform droplets can be categorized into piezoelectric mode, electromagnetic vibration mode, magnetic fluid mode, gas pulse actuation mode and laser fluid resonance mode. The principles and technical status of these five modes are analyzed and summarized. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the application status of uniform droplet production technology in electronic packaging, inkjet printing technology, micro 3D printing, and biopharmaceuticals. And it provides a prospect for the development trend of uniform droplet production technology.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is the most dangerous mental illness, with the highest suicide rate among various mental illnesses. Light therapy (LT) is a novel and effective therapy for BD. In this article, the physiological mechanisms and current clinical applications of LT in the treatment of BD are reviewed. LT transmits light signals through the inherent photosensitive retinal ganglion cells on the retina to areas such as the anterior chiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, promoting their regulatory functions concerning circadian rhythm, endocrine, and neurotransmitters, thereby relieving BD depression. The mainstream view is that both single LT and LT combination therapy can significantly reduce the severity of depression in BD. With good safety of LT treatment for BD, both strong and weak light treatments are suitable for BD patients. Currently, research mainly adopts white light treatment, with a course of 1~8 weeks. Further research on LT clinical parameters (such as intensity, spectrum, and daily exposure duration) is still needed to provide reference for clinical practice.

Entity alignment, as an important research direction in knowledge graph research, aims to connect different entities pointing to the same real-world object in different knowledge graphs, and thus to achieve the expansion of knowledge graphs. At present, there are two mainstream research approaches in this field. One is to analyze the structural characteristics of knowledge graphs, and the other is to analyze the element information (such as entity name, relation name, attribute name) of knowledge graphs. In this article, a novel entity alignment model EAFF (Entity Alignment based on Feature Fusion) is proposed to analyze the features of knowledge graphs from the perspectives of graph structure and element information. First, a graph neural networkbased entity alignment algorithm was designed to obtain aligned entity pairs based on graph structures. Then, an entity alignment algorithm based on element information was designed to obtain aligned entity pairs based on element information. Finally, using feature transformation and sorting algorithms, two sets of aligned entity pairs are sorted to obtain aligned entities in the knowledge graph. In the experiment, EAFF achieved relatively good results, surpassing current mainstream algorithms.

Marine high-tech enterprises are the core carrier and main organization of the marine high-tech industry. The identification of their location characteristics and influencing factors is of great significance for optimizing the spatial layout of regional industries and accelerating the high-quality development of the marine economy. Based on the data analysis of China's marine high-tech enterprises, in this paper the nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, hot spot analysis and other methods are adopted to explore the spatial distribution, sub-industry development characteristics, agglomeration characteristics and hotspot division of marine high-tech enterprises. Meanwhile, geographic detectors are used to explore influencing factors and interactions of their spatial distribution. The results show that: (1) The temporal and spatial evolution of China's marine hightech enterprises in three different development stages has obvious regional differences and industry orientation, that is, the overall pattern is "dense in the north and sparse in the south", "high in the east and low in the west", and the distribution is concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Shandong Peninsula, Pearl River Delta and other regions; industries such as seawater utilization, marine biomedicine, and marine equipment manufacturing are the main industries. (2) Both the overall and sub-industries of China's marine high-tech enterprises have the characteristics of spatial agglomeration. All the three development stages have passed the significance test, and the degree of spatial agglomeration is becoming more and more obvious; the spatial distribution density has formed 4 high-density core areas and 3 sub-density core areas and several small core areas; hot spots are mainly concentrated in the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. (3) The main core influencing factors are industrial base, economic base, regional characteristics and regional policies. The influence of the interaction of different factors on the spatial distribution of enterprises is greater than the influence of each factor alone.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023 was awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their discovery of nucleoside base modifications, which was crucial for the development of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. In addition, there are many other significant scientific achievements behind the novel coronavirus mRNA vaccine that deserve attention . This article reviewed the crucial breakthroughs of the mRNA vaccine, such as the initial discovery of mRNA, in vitro RNA synthesis, RNA base modifications, the creation and development of liposomes, and the determination of the major components of lipid nanoparticles for RNA delivery. The seminal scientific advancement which enabled COVID-19 mRNA vaccine underscored the inherent value of pursuing unpopular but important research. We should correctly understand the dialectical relationship between popular and unpopular fields of study, and rally preferential support for unpopular subjects, while ensuring a balanced allocation of resources across the spectrum of subject areas.