This paper introduces the physical principles and typical methods of Rydberg atomic superheterodyne microwave measurement technology, elaborates on its research advancements in sensitivity enhancement, phase measurement, and dynamic range expansion, analyzes its potential value and current limitations in aviation equipment applications, and explores the developmental trajectory and key technical challenges involved in transitioning this technology from laboratory research to practical aviation applications. It points out that the current maturity level of this technology is in the transitional stage from theoretical breakthroughs to equipment integration. Furthermore, it proposes a three⁃phase roadmap for advancing this technology toward aviation applications: chip⁃scale integration of core units, enhanced environmental robustness at the system level, and mission⁃oriented networked collaborative sensing. It provides a prospective technology roadmap for constructing a new generation of highly sensitive, distributed, and intelligent aviation microwave measurement systems.

Traditional test equipment struggles to meet the high⁃precision and efficient static temperature testing requirements of thin⁃film thermocouples in high⁃temperature environments. To address this issue, a chamber furnace with large⁃space and precise temperature control functions has been developed. The furnace body adopts a split⁃type multi⁃layer structure design. Its side thermal insulation components can be flexibly disassembled to eliminate installation obstructions, satisfying the testing needs of thin⁃film thermocouples with different shapes. High⁃efficiency heating is achieved using three⁃section molybdenum disilicide heating elements, combined with a water⁃cooling system to realize precise temperature control and generate a stable and reliable temperature field. A three⁃dimensional thermodynamic model was established and simulated using ANSYS Workbench 2019R3 software. The simulation results show that the temperature field at the measuring end and the temperature at the reference end of the sample meet the design expectations. Practical tests conducted with the developed box⁃type furnace indicate that the temperature fluctuation in the furnace's test coordinate system is 0.47 ℃ / 6 min, and the temperature field uniformity is better than 3 ℃ / 50 mm, which complies with the testing requirements for thin⁃film thermocouples. Tests on Au⁃Pt thin⁃film thermocouples were conducted using this box⁃type furnace, further verifying its application effectiveness. It provides important technical support for the static temperature characteristic detection of thin⁃film thermocouples.

To address the issues of accuracy degradation and computational delay in extracting small spot centers in the field of industrial high⁃speed visual measurement, a high⁃speed real⁃time spot localization method for small⁃sized spots is proposed. A Region of Interest (ROI) extraction algorithm based on sliding window brightness consistency is designed and implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to improve detection speed. A small spot center extraction algorithm combining distance⁃weighted least⁃square fitting and a Signal⁃to⁃Noise Ratio (SNR)⁃based adaptive weight adjustment mechanism is introduced to enhance the localization robustness of small spots under varying lighting and noise conditions. Experimental results show that the proposed method has achieved a spot center localization error of not more than 0.05 pixels, with a frame rate of 160 frames per second, significantly outperforming traditional methods in processing speed. This method to a great extent meets the high⁃precision real⁃time localization requirements of small spot centers in industrial high⁃speed visual measurement.

Research was conducted for porous parameter inversion based on irregular acoustic incidence model to address the limitation of normal incidence case. A theoretical model was established for relating material porous parame⁃ ters to the irregular incidence absorption coefficient. The acoustic response of porous materials under irregular incidence case was simulated to obtain the reference absorption data. The inversion study was conducted by using the established theoretical model and genetic algorithm, and the accuracy and astringency of inversed parameters was further analyzed. Results show a good agreement between theoretical and simulated outcomes and demonstrate high accuracy and astringency with relative errors of the inversed parameters below 9.0% and relative standard deviations less than 1 × 10⁻³. This study provides a novel theoretical approach for porous parameter inversion that presents considerable potential for both academic research and engineering applications.

Accurate heat flux measurement is essential for developing hypersonic vehicles and their thermal protection systems. The intense aerodynamic heating generated during high⁃speed flight of aerospace vehicles is primarily dominated by convective heat transfer. However, existing heat flux gauges struggle to accurately measure surface thermal loads under extreme high-temperature and high⁃speed conditions, resulting in low measurement accuracy and significantly constraining the performance evaluation of thermal protection systems and material development. To address the lack of reliable calibration methods for heat flux sensors under high⁃temperature and high⁃speed conditions, this study introduces a dual⁃plate transient calibration method. This method adopts a highly accurate thin⁃film platinum resistance sensor as a reference, installs a Gardon gauge to be calibrated with the sensor together on a displacement ejection mechanism, and simulates the high⁃speed flight scenario of the aircraft in the wind tunnel to achieve the calibration to the Gardon heat flux gauge under airflow conditions. Calibration experiments were conducted at a flight Mach number of 0.3 and temperatures from 100 °C to 300 °C for the developed convective heat flux measurement device. The results demonstrate that the relative expanded uncertainty is 4.2% (k = 2), and this method can effectively obtain the convective heat flux sensitivity coefficient of the Gardon heat flux meter. The dual plate transient calibration method proposed in this paper provides new ideas and approaches for high⁃temperature and high⁃speed convective heat flux calibration, significantly improving the reliability of convective heat flux measurement data and providing strong technical support for the development of hypersonic aircraft and accurate measurement of thermal loads in thermal protection systems.

To address the calibration demand for the response time constant of fast⁃response K⁃type thermocouples under gas medium conditions, a calibration device based on the gas temperature step method was developed. Key para⁃meters including heater power, orifice area, and nozzle flow rate were determined via theoretical calculations, and Ansys Fluent software was utilized for simulation to optimize the structure of the step temperature generation module. A calibration method based on synchronous dynamic pressure monitoring was proposed, which takes the pressure step moment as the reference to eliminate non⁃ideal excitation interference and ensure the calculation accuracy of the response time constant. Experimental tests were conducted using the developed device, and the results indicate that the gas temperature step amplitude generated by the device exceeds 200 ℃ with a temperature step excitation time of approximately 2.2 ms. The device can effectively calibrate the response time constant of K⁃type thermocouples with different wire diameters, demonstrating a significant engineering application value.

To accurately evaluate the metrological performance of airborne sensors under the prolonged, gradual, and cumulative influence of the natural environment, this study examines key technical aspects of the testing process — including preliminary preparations, test design, execution, result analysis, and reporting — based on the characteristics of both airborne sensors and natural environments. This exploration has resulted in the development of a relatively universal methodology for conducting natural environmental tests. These tests generate fundamental data on the changes in sensor metrological indicators, providing essential support for subsequent research on the performance degradation and the calibration cycle of airborne sensors.

The basic principles of precision ranging based on soliton microcombs and their advantages in chip⁃level integration, high precision, and high speed are introduced. The principles and implementations of single⁃microcomb frequency⁃modulated continuous wave, chaotic ranging, dispersive interferometry, synthetic⁃wavelength metrology, and dual⁃comb ranging are elaborated. The development paths such as repetition frequency locking, frequency scanning, and parallel imaging are discussed. It is pointed out that the research in this field has progressed from proof⁃of⁃concept demonstrations to a new stage focused on performance optimization and practical exploration. It is further proposed that the future development will be characterized by system⁃level full optoelectronic integration, multifunctional reconfigurability, and deep cross⁃disciplinary convergence, through which a large⁃scale deployment of chip⁃scale precision LiDAR in automotive perception, industrial metrology, space exploration, and related applications is expected to be enabled.

O₂ and H₂O significantly affect the hydrogen sensitivity of PdNi thin films. To monitor hydrogen concentration in high⁃humidity oxygen⁃containing environments such as electrolytic water hydrogen production, nuclear power plant storage, and deep⁃sea energy exploration, PdNi thin⁃film hydrogen sensors were fabricated using methods such as magnetron sputtering, photolithography, and plasma etching. By adjusting the Ni content and thickness of the PdNi thin films, the influence of Ni content and thickness on the stability of the PdNi thin⁃film hydrogen sensors under O₂ and H₂O interference was systematically studied. Analytical methods such as XRD, SEM, and XPS were employed to characterize the crystallinity, elemental content, and elemental valence states of the PdNi thin films. The experimental results indicate that as the Ni content increases, the hydrogen response of the PdNi thin films becomes more affected by H₂O and O₂, while increasing the film thickness can reduce interference but weakens the hydrogen response sensitivity. Among them, the PdNi thin⁃film hydrogen sensor with a Ni content of 8.04% and a thickness of 24 nm, although affected by O₂ and H₂O, can restore its response curve to the initial state after experiencing interference. This research provides important support for the development of the hydrogen sensor for applications under complex environment conditions.

To accurately and efficiently control the probing sequence of the Hg⁺ microwave atomic clock, a highly integrated custom timing control system was developed. This system adopts a layered architecture design, in which the host computer software enables parameter setting and sequence configuration distribution. The embedded software, in real⁃time, parses the received instructions and generates high⁃precision operation sequences, ultimately driving peripheral devices to precisely execute the corresponding operations. It achieves flexible configuration and dynamic reconfiguration of the timing logic. Experimental results show that the sequences generated by the system are consistent with the theoretically designed sequences, enabling convenient and efficient timing control for double⁃resonance probing, Rabi probing, and Ramsey probing. The system provides a reliable timing control solution for the integrated research of Hg⁺ microwave atomic clocks.