Latest ArticlesRechargeable magnesium-ions batteries (RMBs) have attracted termendous attention in large-scale energy storage applications due to the high volumetric capacity, great earth abundance, and environmental friendliness. However, the existing electrodes and electrolyte cannot fully facilitate the Mg2+ ion insertion/extraction due to the higher charge density and stronger solvation of Mg ions, resulting in a poor electrochemical performance. Developing stable and high-efficiency electrode materials is thus a key issue to promote the practical application of RMBs. Furthermore, it is essential for the construction of high-capacity and long-lifespan RMBs to optimize the electrolyte. Recent development on electrode materials and electrolytes for RMBs was reviewed, and some challenges and possible resolution strategies were also discussed.
Magnesium/sulfur (Mg/S) battery is one of the most promising energy storage systems due to its high energy density, low cost, and high safety. Although recent research work develops electrolytes, sulfur cathodes and magnesium anodes, the development of Mg/S battery is still in its infancy. The practical implementation of Mg/S battery is a challenge. In this review, some recent research work on Mg electrolytes, sulfur cathode, Mg anode, and Mg/electrolyte interface were summarized. Also, the existing problems that need to be solved were analyzed, and some future application prospects of Mg/S batteries were depicted.
Compared to magnesium metal batteries (MMBs) based on pure Mg2+ electrolyte, the MMBs based on hybrid electrolyte containing Mg2+ and Li+ possess some advantages such as long cycle life, fast charge and discharge processes, high Coulomb efficiency and more choices of cathode materials. The energy density of MMBs can be improved especially when conversion-based cathode materials are used. Recent development on dual-salt magnesium batteries based on conversion reaction or multiple electron transfer process was reviewed based on the aspects of sulfide and organic cathode materials. With the assistance of nano-structure regulation, conductive network construction, and ion pillaring, Mg-S and Mg-rhodizonate batteries are able to achieve a high energy density (i.e., 500 W·h/kg based on active cathode material) and a long-term cycle stability. This review proposed an additive salt strategy to accelerate the kinetics of MMBs based on conversion reaction, and provided some fresh insights for the future development of magnesium-based batteries.
Exploring suitable cathode materials to effectively accommodate Zn ions, optimizing Zn anode structure and clarifing the mechanism of battery can favor the improvement of the electrochemical performance of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). In this review, recent development on ZIBs was represented and various kinds of cathode materials were introduced. The structural characters, electrochemical properties and Zn ion storage mechanism were reviewed. Some solutions to solve the problems faced by Zn anode were described. Meanwhile, the effect of electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of ZIBs was discussed. In addition, challenges on ZIBs and prospects for future research directions were also given.
Metallic zinc (Zn) has a great promising potential as a negative electrode material for rechargeable batteries because of its high specific capacity, low cost, abundance, non-toxic nature and environmental benignity. However, Zn metal anode (i.e., zinc dendrites, shape change, passivation and self-corrosion) for the application of rechargeable Zn-metal batteries becomes a challenge. The corresponding problem is the thermodynamically instability of Zn metal with aqueous based electrolytes. Recently, work have tried some effective solutions to the intrinsic problem of zinc metal anode, i.e., electrode/electrolyte additives, electrode coatings, 3-dimension electrode structure and novel electrolyte system. This review summarized recent developments on electrode design, electrolyte optimization and novel reversible Zn-based energy storage systems. In addition, a perspective for future research direction of rechargeable Zn-metal batteries was also presented.
This review presents recent research progress on cathode and anode materials for potassium ion batteries (KIBs) and analyzes main factors affecting the specific capacity, rate performance and cycle stability of different types of cathode and anode materials. Moreover, some approaches for improving the performance of electrode materials for KIBs were summarized, including heteroatom doping, surface coating, microstructural regulation, etc.. In addition, a perspective for future research direction of KIBs was also presented.
Potassium ion is heavier and larger than lithium ion, having some features such as harder to diffuse in electrode materials and causing a greater structural stress in electrode material during charging and discharging, thus resulting in the collapse of the electrode. The development of potassium ion battery, especially to the advancement of its cathode material becomes thus a challenge. In order to tackle these problems, some work are carried out in the field of potassium ion battery, and the corresponding results show that cathode materials (i.e., layered metal oxides, polyanionic-type material, Prussian blue and its derivatives) exhibit better potassium storage properties. This review represented various cathode materials used for potassium ion battery and recent developments, mainly including the potassium storage mechanism, electrochemical performance, existing problems and potential strategies. In addition, some possible future research aspects for the cathode material in potassium ion batteries were also addressed.
Aluminum metal delivers great theoretical gravimetric capacity and volumetric capacity, high abundance and low cost. Aqueous electrolytes are widely used in many kinds of metal ion batteries because of their high ionic conductivity and low flammability. Aqueous aluminum ion batteries have been developed rapidly in recent years. This review introduced the optimization of aluminum metal anode, the selection of electrolytes and the research progress of electrode materials. In addition, some challenges in aqueous aluminum ion batteries and possible solutions were also discussed.
Chalcogens and their compounds cathode materials become promising electrode materials for non-aqueous aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) due to their low electronegativity and high specific capacities. A relationship between electrochemical reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance of chalcogens and their compounds was represented. The main problems were discussed and the modification and optimization were summarized. In addition, the future development of chalcogens and their compounds cathode materials was also prospected.
Surface modification and protection of lithium metal are widely regarded as effective methods to improve lithium deposition behaviors as well as suppress lithium dendrites. In this paper, acetic acid gas was used to react with lithium metal to obtain CH3COOLi-Li anode. A lithium acetate passivation film formed on the lithium surface could prevent lithium metal from further reacting with the electrolyte, thus inhibiting lithium dendrite growth during cycling. The lithium battery, lithium copper battery, and lithium cobaltate full battery were assembled for electrochemical characterization of a proposed modified metal anode. The results show that CH3COOLi-Li anode has a better cycle stability performance than pure Li anode. The Coulomb efficiency of lithium copper battery with CH3COOLi-Li anode after 100 cycles remains at 97%, and CH3COOLi-Li/LiCoO2 full battery has a capacity retention rate of 73.5% after 1 000 cycles.
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