Energy storage materials are a key to the development of electrochemical energy storage technologies for meeting the higher requestor of novel paradigms in energy revolution. In recent years, high-entropy materials are developed as electrochemical energy storage materials based on the high entropy aspect as an emerging strategy of material design. In this review, high-entropy materials used in lithium ion battery, sodium ion battery and supercapacitor were represented. First, the basic concepts of high-entropy materials were briefly introduced, including the definition of high entropy and related effects. The structure and performance of high-entropy materials used as electrochemical energy storage materialswere comprehensively summarized. Some challenges arising from the development of high-entropy electrochemical energy storage materials were discussed. This review could provide a reference for rationally designing high-entropy electrode materials towards advanced energy storage and conversion.

Compared with the conventional analysis methods for the porous electrode, this paper represents some methods for single particle analysis in battery research, i.e., microeletrode contacting method, single particle collision method, microfluidic analysis method and spectral analysis method. In the single particle analysis methods. some intrinsic properties of the battery materials can be obtained by analyzing directly in single particle scale, thus clarifying the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the material.

Metallic phase molybdenum disulfide (1T-MoS₂), as one of the most studied transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials, has attracted recent attention due to its special structure, abundant active sites, and other outstanding properties. 1T-MoS₂ has a wide range of applications in catalysis, sensors, batteries, and supercapacitors. Recent work on the construction and photocatalytic application of 1T-MoS₂ and its composites is comprehensively summarized. The basic information of 1T-MoS₂ is briefly introduced. Recent advances on the preparation of 1T-MoS₂ and its composite are represented. The applications of 1T-MoS₂ and its composites in photocatalysis are summarized. In addition, some prospects for the preparation and application of 1T-MoS₂ based material are also given.

Fe_xMo_1-xS₂ with an expanded interlayer spacing of 0.75 nm was prepared via a simple solvothermal method. The larger interlayer spacing enhances the rate of Na⁺ diffusion during initial cycle. Fe_xMo_1-xS₂ as an anode for sodium ion batteries exhibits a high capacity of 285 mA·h/g at 0.1 A/g after 100 cycles and an excellent rate capability of 178 mA·h/g at 5 A/g. The fresh and cycled electrodes were characterized by in-situ X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy and transmission electronic microscopy to investigate electrochemical reaction mechanism of Fe_xMo_1-xS₂ during cycling. The results indicate that the irreversible conversion reaction of Fe_xMo_1-xS₂ with Na⁺ results in the formation of main products of Fe-Mo alloy and S.

A multiphysics-coupling model of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was proposed via a software named COMSOL Multiphysics for the establishment of coupled fields of electrochemical-gas, flow-matter and transfer-temperature. The inhomogeneous temperature distribution obtained from the numerical analysis was applied to the corresponding model build by ABAQUS as a thermal load, and the creep damage subroutine developed based on the Wen-Tu creep ductile depletion model was used to analyze the creep damage of SOFC. The creep damage behavior of SOFC was investigated and the creep crack propagation was predicted. The results show that the creep deformation and damage of SOFC components firstly increase and then remain unchanged. The lower connector is the first to reach the critical damage value, which is the potential dangerous area and is the most likely to failure. After 50 000 h, two creep damages occur in SOFC. The maximum crack is 1.6 mm as the non-penetrating crack that occurs at the junction of 1.1 mm in the air inlet of the lower connector and the cathode material. Compared with the overall structure size, the smaller crack will not cause gas leakage, thus meeting the requirement of commercial safe operation for 40 000 h.

High-entropy double perovskite SmBa(Mn_0.2Fe_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Cu_0.2)₂O_5+δ (HE-SBC) as a cathode material was prepared by a modified Pechini method, and the performance of HE-SBC with 10% (in mole fraction) Gd₂O₃-doped CeO₂ (GDC) (HE-SBC-GDC) was optimized. The results show that the thermal expansion of Co ions caused by the change of valence state can be reduced due to the formation of high-entropy at B-site, thereby reducing the thermal expansion coefficient of SBC. The polarization impedance (R_p) of the HE-SBC symmetrical cell with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as an electrolyte is 1.04 Ω·cm² at 800 ℃ and the maximum power density and R_p of the anode-supported single cell are 683.53 mW/cm² and 0.46 Ω·cm², respectively. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of HE-SBC is improved by the addition of GDC[m(HE-SBC):m(GDC)=7:3] due to the enlarged three-phase interface. The polarization resistance of HE-SBC-GDC composite cathode symmetric cell is only 0.09 Ω·cm² at 800 ℃ and the maximum power density and R_p of the anode-supported single cell are 838.66 mW/cm² and 0.12 Ω·cm², respectively.

Fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst was prepared by a hot acid combined with modified kaolinite as a support material to further explore the influence of modification on the catalytic performance of FCC catalyst. After modification by hot acid binding, kaolinite produces weak B-acid and L-acid sites, and its specific surface area increases from 21.4 m²/g to 44.6 m²/g. Compared with the kaolinite-based FCC catalyst, the performance of the modified kaolinite-based FCC catalyst is significantly improved. The catalytic oil conversion is increased by 1.97%, the heavy oil yield is decreased by 1.62%, and the total liquid yield is increased by 1.54%.

A series of expanded vermiculites with a high expansion ratio were prepared with a vermiculite from Xinjiang, China as raw material by an intercalation microwave method and an intercalation calcination method, respectively. The phase composition and morphology of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and the cation exchange capacity and methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity of the expanded vermiculite prepared by the two different methods were analyzed. The results show that there is a significant difference in the expansion ratios of expanded vermiculite prepared by the two methods, and the expansion ratio of calcined expanded vermiculite (BCV) is 0.4 times greater than that of microwave expanded vermiculite (WCV). For adsorption in a methylene blue solution with a concentration of 300 mg/L, the calcined expanded vermiculite has a poor adsorption capacity for MB, while the microwave expanded vermiculite has a good adsorption performance for MB due to its higher cation exchange capacity with an adsorption capacity of 391.26 mg/g.

Granular Y molecular sieve loaded with iron nanoparticles with cation exchange performance was synthesized for simultaneous removal of Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution. The results show that the adsorption capacity of Cu(Ⅱ) increases from 46.6 mg/g to 67.6 mg/g, and the adsorption capacity of Cr(Ⅵ) is 13.2 mg/g when using granular Y molecular sieve loaded with iron nanoparticles. The removal of Cr(Ⅵ) by the loaded material is improved due to the coexistence of Cu(Ⅱ). The removal mechanism of Cu(Ⅱ) by the loaded material involves the cation exchange of Y molecular sieve and the reduction of Fe(0). The removal of Cr(Ⅵ) is mainly attributed to the reduction of Fe(0), and the reductive products of Cu(Ⅱ) can promote the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) by the loaded material.

Platinum (Pt) was encapsulated in ZSM-5 by an one-step hydrothermal method for dehydrogenation of propane to prepare propylene (PDH). The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, specific surface area measurement, H₂-pluse, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the propane conversion and propylene selectivity are 48% and 57%. In addition, the catalytic system can also resist the toxic effect of DBT, and the propane conversion and propylene selectivity are not reduced with DBT containing a catalytic system.