Composite red luminescent material Sr₂MgSi₂O₇: Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺/light conversion agent is a kind of long-afterglow luminescent material prepared with a light conversion agent and Sr₂MgSi₂O₇: Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ at a certain mass ratio. This material has excellent characteristics (i.e. high brightness and good stability) of Sr₂MgSi₂O₇: Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺. Also, it can emit a red light. In this paper, silane coupling agent (i.e. KH560), aluminate-coupling agent (i.e. DL-411-A), zircoaluminate coupling agent (i.e. LD-139-3) and their composite coupling agents (i.e. A: composite of silane coupling agent and aluminate coupling agent; B: composite of silane coupling agent, aluminate coupling agent and aluminum zirconium coupling agent) were used to prepare the composite red luminescent materials. The effects of coupling agent on the luminescence properties were investigated. The surface morphology, phase structure and luminescence properties of the composite luminescent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, fluorescence spectrometer and afterglow luminance meter. The results show that three coupling agent all can improve the luminescence performance of composite luminescent materials, and the composite coupling agent has a better effect. The surface of Sr₂MgSi₂O₇: Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ becomes coarse and adheres to the massive light conversion agent particles when a composite coupling agent B is used. In this case, the emission peak intensity of the sample is increased by 1.89 times at 605 nm, but decreased by 72% at 470 nm, the initial afterglow brightness is increased by 1.86 times, and the color purity is enhanced by 1.87 times.

Double-layer TiO₂-SiO₂/SiO₂ composite anti-reflective thin films with W transmittance line type were prepared by a sol-gel method, and the refractive index of TiO₂ and composite TiO₂-SiO₂ thin films was regulated. The preparation condition on the TiO₂ thin film refractive index was investigated. The phase, film components, refractive index and transmittance of the films were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy disperse spectroscopy, ellipsometry and ultraviolet-visible-infrared spectrophotometry, respectively. The transmittance line type of double-layer composite films was simulated by a software named TFcal. The results show that the pH value of sol system is more crucial to the refractive index of TiO₂ thin films, and the refractive index decreases when the pH value increases, compared to the ratio of H₂O/Ti. Meanwhile, the pH value derived hydrolysis rate has an effect on the refractive index of the final film. The composite TiO₂-SiO₂ films used as the bottom layer of the films system are obtained when the mixture mole ratio of Ti/Si is 1.2∶1.0 and the refractive index is 1.68. The double-layer TiO₂-SiO₂/SiO₂ composite thin films obtained have an antireflection effect in the wide optical wavelength range of 380-1 100 nm, and the maximum transmittance can reach to 97%.

The porous α-Fe₂O₃ was used as solid support, and silver nanoparticles were integrating into the pore of α-Fe₂O₃ through hydrothermal synthesis. Four different amounts of AgNO₃ were added into the growth media for optimizing the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of Fe₂O₃-Ag. The structure and component of the Fe₂O₃-Ag nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N₂ adsorption. The experimental results show that the BET surface area and enhancement factor of the Fe₂O₃-Ag nanocomposite are 26.57 m²/g and 10²-10³ respectively, when the dosage of AgNO₃ is 6.5% (in mass), exhibiting the best SERS enhancement. The Fe₂O₃-Ag nanocomposite provides not only the SERS enhancement but also a good adsorption performance, which could be further used for absorption and detection of various samples.

In order to improve the electron transport rate of TiO₂ photoanode, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were loaded in TiO₂. TiO₂/MWCNTs composite sols were formed by a sol-gel hydrothermal method, and the uniform TiO₂/MWCNTs composite films were formed by an electro-hydrodynamic method. The films were optimized with TiCl₄. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. The photoelectric properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on TiO₂/MWCNTs composite photoanodes and SnO₂/MWCNTs counter electrode were analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and current density-voltage curve measurement. The results show that the addition of MWCNTs considerably accelerates the transport of electrons in the films and decreases the recombination of electrons with oxidized dye and I₃^-; The DSSC with a CNT-0.12 (0.12%, in mass) composite photoanode shows the optimal performance (i.e., V_oc=0.70 V, J_sc=13.0 mA/cm², η_FF=0.64, η=5.80%), and the power conversion efficiency is 30.6% greater than that of DSSC with a pure TiO₂ photoanode (i.e., η=4.44%).

F-doped SnO₂ (FTO) thin films with the thickness of 20-400 nm were prepared via reactive magnetron sputtering at 150-300 ℃ using Sn+SnF₂ as a target, and the prepared FTO films were further treated by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The effects of film thickness and UV irradiation time on the structural, optical and electrical properties of FTO films were investigated. The results show that the crystallinity of FTO films improves and the preferred orientation remains (211) plane with the increase of film thickness or substrate temperature. Meanwhile, the compressive stress existed in the films increases and the conductive properties of films degrade. The transmittance of the films firstly decreases and then increases, and their energy gap (E_g) firstly increases and then becomes stable when the film thickness increases. Increasing substrate temperature can increase the transmittance and E_g of the films. UV irradiation can increase the carrier concentration of the films, thus enhancing the conductive properties of the film, but it has little effect on the transmittance of the film. In addition, the influence of film thickness on the structural, optical and electrical properties of FTO films was discussed, and the mechanism of improving the optical and electrical properties of FTO film by UV irradiation was analyzed. This study could provide a reference for the preparation of FTO thin films by magnetron sputtering technology and the improvement of their properties.

The stability and electronic structures of the arsenene/WS₂ van der Waals heterostructure at different electrical field intensities and strains were investigated via the first-principles calculation based on the density functional theory. The calculation results show that the arsenene/WS₂ heterostructure possesses a type-II band alignment and an indirect band gap. Moreover, the external electrical field modulates the band gap and brings the band alignment transition from type-Ⅱ to type-Ⅰ in the heterostructure. In addition, the band gap can be effectively tuned by the strain, while the type-Ⅱ band alignment is robust under the strain.

The stable GaInSe₂ monolayer as a Janus structure with an indirect band-gap was investigated via first-principles electronic structure calculations. The intrinsic correlation between GaInSe₂ monolayer and its binary analogues (GaSe and InSe monolayers) was investigated in terms of atomic structure and electronic property. The calculation results of atomic structure and phonon frequency dispersion indicate that GaInSe₂ monolayer has a dynamically stable Janus structure with the similar hexagonal geometry as GaSe and InSe monolayers. The electronic band structures show that GaInSe₂ monolayer and its binary analogues are all indirect band-gap semiconductors. It is noted from the strained Janus model that work functions and coherent strains of GaSe and InSe constituents essentially determine the electronic structure of GaInSe₂ monolayer. GaInSe₂ monolayer can be converted into direct band-gap semiconductor when the strain in atomic plane is decreased less than a critical value. Therefore, GaInSe₂ monolayer can be applied to 2-dimensional or surface photoelectric materials under the mechanical conditions below the critical strain. Further, the band-edge character and band-gap width can be effectively controlled by modifying the strains in atomic plane of GaInSe₂ monolayer, which is of great significance for the potential application in field effect nanotransistors.

ZrO₂ nanosheets were prepared at low temperature by a molten salt method with assistance of solvothermal process using zirconium chloride as zirconium source and ethanol as a solvent. The effects of salt type and content on the growth and morphology of zirconia crystals were investigated. The results show that monoclinic zirconia nanosheets with an average side length of 1.8 μm, a thickness of 70 nm and a width: thickness ratio of more than 10∶1 can be obtained when NaCl and Na₃PO₄ are used as composite molten salts and the mass ratio of precursor∶NaCl∶Na₃PO₄ is set to 10∶10∶1. The nanosheet shows single crystal structure with little defects, and the main exposed surface is (001) facet. The formation process in molten salts accords with a self-focusing mechanism, including dissolution, diffusion, adsorption and growth. The large percentage of (001) facet obtained is in reasonable agreement with that based on the theoretical calculation of surface energy.

Antimony-modified K_0.48Li_0.02Na_0.5NbO₃ (KLNN) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared via a microwave sintering process. The effect of antimony-substitution amount (i.e., x=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) on the microstructure, surface topography, piezoelectric and ferroelectric characteristics were investigated. The perovskite single phase structure is confirmed in the entire substitution range, together with good crystallization and even grains. Antimony can form a uniform solid solution in KLNN lattice, improving the microstructure and piezoelectric and ferroelectric characteristics of KLNN-based piezoelectric ceramics. The Curie temperature dielectric constant peak (ε_r), unidirectional strain (ε) and piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) of Na_0.5K_0.48Li_0.02(Nb_0.94Sb_0.06)O₃ ceramic all reach the maximum value, which are ε_r=5 557, ε=0.08%, d₃₃=208 pC/N.

The C_f/SiC/Ni and C_f/MoSi₂/SiC/Ni composites were prepared by a hydrothermal reaction-sintering method using glucose, Si powder, and carbon fiber as raw materials and nickel as a catalyst, respectively. The phase composition, microstructure and absorbing properties of C_f/SiC/Ni and C_f/MoSi₂/SiC/Ni composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and waveguide, respectively. The results show that SiC nanowires are grown sparsely and unevenly in the C_f/SiC/Ni composites. The minimum reflection loss at 8.20 GHz is -14.61 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 0.23 GHz when the thickness of the grown SiC nanowires is 1.5 mm. The massive SiC nanowires are grown densely and uniformly on the surface of carbon fiber of C_f/MoSi₂/SiC/Ni composites. The minimum reflection loss is -34.14 dB at 9.10 GHz, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 2.18 GHz when the thickness of the grown SiC nanowires is 2.0 mm. Compared to C_f/SiC/Ni composites, the wave absorbing properties of C_f/MoSi₂/SiC/Ni composites are improved. It is indicated that MoSi₂ is a key factor improving the structural and absorbing properties of C_f/SiC/Ni composites.

The non-contact electrical resistivity measurement is a developed nondestructive method. The electrical resistivity of specimen can be in-situ and continuously measured by this method. In this review, the method application for the non-contact electrical resistivity in early hydration process was briefly summarized. The microstructure characterization and permeability of cementitious materials were reviewed. Three modified methods for non-contacting electrical resistivity measurement and the theoretical models for calculating microstructure parameters and diffusion coefficients based on the modified methods were introduced. The shortcomings of the existing studies were given, and some prospects of device improvement for non-contact electrical resistivity measurement, microstructure, permeability characterization and theoretical model were proposed.

Tin dioxide is a promising sodium storage material due to its great theoretical capacity of sodium storage. Graphene has good mechanical properties and electrical conductivity as an ideal conductive additive. However, SnO₂/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite has a large specific surface area and its initial Coulombic efficiency is low, thus affecting the application. In this paper, SnO₂/RGO composites were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and C/SnO₂/RGO composites were alos prepared via filling the pitch pyrocarbon. The results show that SnO₂ in C/SnO₂/RGO composite is uniformly distributed in RGO with the size of 6 nm. The initial Coulomic efficiency of C/SnO₂/RGO nanocomposite with pitch pyrocarbon filling is improved, which is nearly 25% greater than that of SnO₂/RGO composite. The specific capacities of SnO₂/RGO and C/SnO₂/RGO composites are 442.1 and 479.8 mA·h/g, respectively, after 100 cycles. The addition of pitch pyrocarbon results in an increase in cycle stability, and the material impedance is improved, thus increasing the electrons and ionic conductivity among SnO₂ particles, RGO and pitch pyrocarbon.

A porous Si/Ag composite material derived by waste rice husk was synthesized via magnesiothermic reduction-silver mirror reaction. The structure, surface morphology and lithium storage performance were investigated. The results show that the particle sizes of obtained biomass silicon material with a porous structure are 10-20 nm, and the cycle performance, rate performance and specific capacity of the electrode all are improved by recombining silver nanoparticles. The capacity of electrode with the silver particles can retain 750.4 mA·h/g after 50 cycles, which is twice greater than that of graphite, and it is 370.2 mA·h/g greater than that of pure biomass silicon electrode. The biomass Si/Ag electrode exhibits the specific capacity of 618.3 mA·h/g at current density of 800 mA/g, which is higher than that of biomass silicon (380.2 mA·h/g), due to the higher conductivity of Si/Ag nanomaterial and excellent property of electrode/electrolyte interface.

Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) grafted silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles (SiO₂-g-PHEMA NPs) were prepared via surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. Then the synthesized NPs were utilized as a hydrophilic additive for fabrication polyethersulfone (PES)/SiO₂-g-PHEMA organic-inorganic composite membranes. The transmission electron microscope results confirm that the SiO₂-g-PHEMA NPs uniformly dispersed in the casting solution and tend to migrate toward the membrane top surfaces. As a result, the hydrophilicity of the composite membranes is significantly improved (the contact angle decreases from 84.5^° to 71.9^°). The membrane exhibits the highest pure water flux and oil flux around 208.68 L/(m²·h) and 86.86 L/(m²·h) when the SiO₂-g-PHEMA dosage is 1% (in mass), the pure water flux and oil flux of the unmodified PES membrane around 64.10 L/(m²·h) and 11.09 L/(m²·h). Compared to the unmodified PES membrane, the flux recovery ratio increases from 45.74% to 78.32%, suggesting the fouling-resistance of the composite membranes is greatly improved. Furthermore, the SiO₂-g-PHEMA NPs exhibit good stability due to the physical intertwisting interaction between the PHEMA chains and PES chains, indicating that this material has a potential application prospect.

Si-Ca porous mineral material was prepared with calcine diatomite and slaked lime via a hydrothermal reaction method. The microstructure of diatomite under lime-containing hydrothermal conditions was characterized. The effect of microstructure change of diatomite on its adsorption performance was investigated with methylene blue as an adsorbent, and the mechanism of Si-Ca porous mineral material was analyzed. The results show that SiO₂ in calcined diatomite reacts with Ca(OH)₂ to generate clinotobermorite under the lime-containing hydrothermal conditions. The diatoms disk structure disappears and the flaky clinotobermorite stacks up into Si-Ca porous mineral. The volume of porous material is 10 times greater than that of calcined diatomite, and the amount of hydroxyl on the surface of the material increases. Si-Ca porous mineral material exhibits good methylene blue adsorption and recycling performance. The adsorption capacity of Si-Ca porous mineral is 6.5 times greater than that of calcined diatomite, and its saturated adsorption capacity can reach 384.51 mg/g. The adsorption process of diatomite board towards methylene blue can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Its adsorption isotherms can be fitted by the Langmuir model, and the adsorption is a spontaneous endothermic process. When pH value>4, the surface of Si-Ca porous mineral is negatively charged, the adsorption is completed by the active hydroxyl group of the mineral surface and the quaternary ammonium salt cationic in the solution form the hydrogen bond through electrostatic attraction, Also, the large specific surface area of Si-Ca porous mineral can provide the more adsorption sites for methylene blue, which is conducive to the adsorption.

A hierarchical porous SAPO-11 zeolite was synthesized via dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) as a mesoporous template and hydrochloric acid post-treatment, respectively. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of different synthetic methods on the structure and morphology of the hierarchical porous SAPO-11 was investigated. The results indicate that the content of mesoporous template DTAB has a great influence on the pore structure and external surface area of SAPO-11. When n(DTAB)∶n(Al₂O₃)=0.4∶1.0, the composition of the synthesis system is n(Al₂O₃)∶n(P₂O₅)∶n(DPA+DIPA)∶n(SiO₂)∶n(H₂O)=1.0∶1.0∶1.0∶0.5∶50.0, the external surface area and pore volume of the synthesized hierarchical pore SAPO-11 become the maximum values. For the hydrochloric acid post-treatment, the maximum external surface area and pore volume of hierarchical pore SAPO-11 are obtained when the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.3 mol/L. Compared to the two methods, hydrochloric acid treatment can destroy the spherical morphology of SAPO-11. Besides the slit holes produced due to the grain accumulation, the channels also come from the slit holes formed due to the layer structure. The hierarchical holes of SAPO-11 synthesized with mesoporous template DTAB mainly comes from the slit holes formed due to the grain accumulation. The crystal structure of the zeolite retains and the specific surface area increases.

Polystyrene microspheres were prepared via an emulsion polymerization method and used as hard templates to form hollow mesoporous silica microspheres. The structural properties of silica microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravity analysis, small angle X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis. The effects of synthesis parameters (i.e., amounts of ammonia and silane precursor) on the microsphere size, thickness and mesopore size of silica microspheres were investigated, and the optimum reaction conditions were 6.25 mL of ammonia and 10 g of tetraethylorthosilicate. The hollow microspheres as a host are loaded with benzotriazole, and then coated with a two-layer polyelectrolyte shell by a layer-by-layer deposition process. The inhibitor release profile revealed that the polyelectrolyte shell lowered the release rate of benzotriazole-loaded hollow silica microspheres by 5 times.

Organosilicon sols undoped and doped with Zr⁴⁺ ions were prepared by a sol-gel method. These sols were then coated on a modified α-Al₂O₃ support by a dip-coating method. Silica composite membrane was prepared via calcining. The surface morphology of each film during the preparation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The prepared silica composite membranes were used for the dehydration of isopropanol by pervaporation in order to examine the effects of operating temperature and initial water content on the dehydration performance of the membrane, and the effect of acidic environment (pH=2) on its performance was also investigated. The experimental results show that silica composite membrane pervaporates 85% (in mass) isopropyl alcohol solution at 75 ℃, its flux is 1 kg/(m²h) and the water content of permeate is 99.4% (in mass). The membrane can maintain a good separation performance at different temperatures and initial water contents, so that it has a good hydrothermal stability. The membrane can maintain a stable separation performance in acidic environment (i.e., pH=2) for a long time, thus having a great acid resistance.

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) regarded as a typical solid lubricant has been dramatically restricted by internal weak thermostability, which further shortens the intrinsic service life and obstructs its industrialization. While working at elevated temperatures, the carbon matrix of DLC changes along with the deterioration of its superior tribological performance. In this paper, the latest progress on thermal stability and thermal wear mechanism of DLC film were reviewed and future research direction was proposed as well, aiming to provide technical reference for the studies on high-temperature service performance of DLC film.

In order to adhere diamond film onto stainless steel surface, a Cr/Cr-Si film was selected as an interlayer and deposited via magnetron sputtering. Diamond film was deposited via hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. All the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, etc.. The results show that Cr-Si layer is composed of Cr(Si) solid solution, and the diffusion rate of Fe atoms decreases when Si content is 12.7% (in mole). The diamond film is dense and strongly adhere onto the stainless steel surface.