Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of oral administration of Chailing Decoction combined with external mirabilite application in patients with nephrotic syndrome edema.Methods: Eighty patients with nephrotic syndrome edema admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to December 2024 were enrolled. Patients were divided into a control group and a treatment group based on admission sequence (odd and even numbers), with 40 patients in each group. The control group received conventional basic treatment plus external application of magnesium sulfate. The treatment group added Chailing Decoction to the control group's regimen. The two groups were compared in terms of edema treatment efficacy, physiological indicators, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, liver and kidney function indicators, and safety.Results: The total effective rate for edema treatment was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P <0.05). Pre - treatment physiological and laboratory parameters showed no statistically significant differences between groups(P > 0.05). Post - treatment, the treatment group exhibited significantly lower fasting body weight and lower calf circumference than the control group (P <0.01), while demonstrating significantly higher 24 - hour urine output (P <0.01). Pre - treatment scores for TCM syndromes showed no statistically significant difference between groups (P >0.05). Post - treatment scores for edema, loose stools, fatigue, and poor appetite were significantly lower in the treatment group than the control group (P < 0.01). Pre - treatment liver and kidney function indicators showed no statistically significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, alanine aminotransferase levels in the treatment group showed no statistically significant difference compared to the control group (P >0.05). However, 24- hour urinary protein levels, serum cystatin C, and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The combination therapy of oral administration of Chailing Decoction combined with external mirabilite application significantly improved clinical efficacy in patients with nephrotic syndrome edema, enhanced physiological and laboratory parameters, and reduced traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores. This regimen did not increase adverse reactions and demonstrated high safety.

Objective: To explore the effect of sequential treatment with modified Sanwubai Powder and Xiaoxianxiong Decoction on schizophrenia with phlegm - fire disturbing heart syndrome.Methods: Using the random number table method, 88 patients with schizophrenia and phlegm - fire disturbing heart syndrome who were admitted to the Xianyue Hospital from December 2022 to October 2023 were allocated to the observation group and the control group, with 44 cases in each group. The control group received conventional Western medicine treatment, while the observation group received sequential treatment with modified Sanwubai Powder and Xiaoxianxiong Decoction on the basis of conventional Western medicine (the patients were treated with modified Sanwubai Powder from the 1st to the 2nd week and treated with Xiaoxianxiong Decoction from the 3rd to the 12th week, 12 weeks in total). Comparisons were made between the two groups on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, clinical symptoms, cognitive function, behavioral ability, neurotransmitter levels, and adverse reactions.Results: After treatment, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The Mini - Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Scale of Social Function in Psychosis Inpatients (SSPI) scores, gamma - aminobutyric acid (γ - GABA), 5 - hydroxytryptamine (5 - HT) and brain- derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The sequential treatment with modified Sanwubai Powder and Xiaoxianxiong Decoction is markedly effective for schizophrenia with phlegm - fire disturbing heart syndrome. It can significantly improve patients' clinical symptoms, enhance their cognitive function and behavioral abilities, and increase neurotransmitter levels. However, its impact on adverse reactions needs further study.

Objective: To observe the effect of Xiaoyong Liyan Decoction combined with auricular acupoint therapy on the clinical symptoms and inflammatory reaction of recurrent suppurative tonsillitis in pediatric patients with wind- heat - aggravated lung syndrome.Methods: One hundred and seventy cases of children with recurrent suppurative tonsillitis with wind - heat against the lung syndrome admitted to Puyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to June 2024 were selected, and were randomly divided into two groups using the envelope method, with 85 cases in a single group. The control group was given conventional symptomatic treatment with western medicine, and the treatment group was given Xiaoyong Liyan Decoction combined with auricular acupoint therapy on the basis of it, with a continuous intervention of 7 d. Inflammatory factors, the time of improvement of symptoms and signs, the degree of tonsillar enlargement, the Chinese medicine symptom scores as well as the rate of adverse reaction reaction were compared between the two groups.Results: White blood cell count (WBC), C - reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF - α), and interleukin 8 (IL - 8) were lower in both groups after treatment compared with before treatment, and were lower in the treatment group after treatment (P < 0.05). The time for fever reduction, disappearance of sore throat, disappearance of purulent secretions, and swelling of tonsils in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group (P <0.05). The degree of tonsil enlargement after treatment in both groups was improved compared with that before treatment, and the degree of tonsil enlargement after treatment in the treatment group was lighter (P < 0.05). The primary symptom scores (fever, sore throat, tonsillar enlargement, purulent secretion)and secondary symptom scores (irritating dry cough, obstructive sensation, nausea, thirst) were lower in both groups after treatment compared with those before treatment, and they were lower in the treatment group after treatment (P <0.05). There was no difference in the rate of adverse reaction response between the two groups (4.71% in the control group and 7.06% in the treatment group) (P >0.05).Conclusion: Xiaoyong Liyan Decoction combined with auricular acupoint therapy can reduce inflammatory reaction, improve tonsil enlargement and promote disease recovery in pediatric recurrent suppurative tonsillitis with wind - heat against the lungs.

Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine formula WD3 (WD3)combined with carrilizumab in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer.Methods: A total of 86 patients with advanced esophageal cancer admitted to the Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2022 to August 2024 were divided into observation group (43 cases,WD3 combined with carrilizumab were used for treatment)and control group (43 cases, carrilizumab was used for treatment) by random number table method. TCM symptom score, quality of life, clinical efficacy, tumor markers, immune function, adverse reactions and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results: After treatment, the scores of TCM symptoms in 2 groups were decreased(P < 0.05), and the scores in observation group were lower (P < 0.05). After treatment, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire 30 (QLQ - C30) score was increased in both groups(P < 0.05), and higher in observation group (P < 0.05). The objective remission rate and disease control rate of observation group were higher than control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the levels of keratin19 fragment antigen 21 -1 (CYFRA21 - 1), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) and squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen (SCC- Ag) in serum of 2 groups were decreased (P < 0.05), and the levels were lower in observation group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD4 ⁺/CD8 ⁺, CD4 ⁺ and CD3 ⁺ were increased in 2 groups (P < 0.05), and higher in observation group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the total incidence of class I to Ⅳ adverse reactions such as thrombocytopenia, rash, liver function injury and gastrointestinal reactions between the two groups(P > 0.05). After one year of follow - up, there were 1 case lost to follow - up in the observation group and 2 cases lost to follow - up in the control group, resulting in a follow - up rate of 96.51% (83/86), and the survival rate was 83.33% (35/42) in the observation group and 63.41% (26/41) in the control group. The survival curve of observation group was better than control group (P <0.05).Conclusion: In patients with advanced esophageal cancer, the combination of WD3 and carrellizumab has significant therapeutic effect, which can improve the quality of life and immune function of patients, reduce the level of tumor markers, is safe and reliable, and can prolong the survival time of patients.

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of Jieyu Anchang Tongxie Formula combined with Pinaverium bromide in the treatment of liver - depression and spleen - deficiency syndrome of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrheal (IBS - D).Methods: A total of 112 IBS - D patients with liver - depression and spleen- deficiency treated in Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital from August 2022 to September 2023 were chosen and randomly separated into the observation group (n = 56, Jieyu Anchang Tongxie formula + Pinaverium bromide, 4 weeks) and control group (n=56, Pinaverium bromide, 4 weeks). 8 - week follow - up was arranged after the end to observe the sustained effect. The clinical efficacy, IBS symptom severity questionnaire (IBS - SSS), rectal sensitivity [anal canal resting pressure (ARP), anal maximum contraction pressure (AMCP) , rectal resting pressure (RRP), abdominal pain threshold, defecation threshold], serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurotransmitter [5 - serotonin (5- HT), Neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene - related peptide (CGRP)], the number of intestinal flora, quality of life (IBS - QOL), self - rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self - rating depression scale (SDS) were compared between the two groups. The adverse reactions were recorded.Results: The observation group had higher effective rate (92.86%vs 78.57%) (P <0.05); IBS - SSS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05) ; After treatment, ARP, abdominal pain threshold and defecation threshold in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05), while the levels of VIP, 5- HT, and CGRP were lower, the levels of NPY were higher, and Lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium were also higher (P <0.05) ; The observation group had lower IBS - QOL scores, SAS scores and SDS scores (P < 0.05). Th incidence of adverse reactions was similar in the two groups (7.14% and 3.57%, P > 0.05). Conclusions: Jieyu Anchang Tongxie Formula combined with Pinaverium bromide has good efficacy in the treatment of IBS - D, which can significantly improve symptoms, reduce the release of serum VIP, neurotransmitter and inflammatory factors, maintain intestinal mucosal barrier and rectal sensitivity, regulate intestinal flora and negative emotions, and improve patients' quality of life with good safety.

Objective: To explore the effects of Zhilou Sukang Decoction on wound healing and inflammatory factors after mixed hemorrhoids surgery.Methods: A total of 133 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who underwent surgical treatment at Xinrui Hospital in Xinwu District of Wuxi from January 2023 to June 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the control group (n=67) and the observation group (n =66). The control group was given conventional Western medical treatment. On the basis of the treatment of the control group, the observation group was given hemorrhoid fistula Zhilou Sukang Decoction sitz bath. Both groups were intervened for 2 weeks. The healing efficacy, pain degree, anal distension, quality of life, wound area, granulation tissue growth score, inflammatory factors and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Result: In the control group of wound healing, the total effective rate of the observation group (93.94%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (74.63%) (P <0.05) ; One day after the treatment, the wound pain in the observation group was significantly relieved after each sitz bath. In the first week of treatment, the wound pain was more obvious in the control group, while the pain improvement effect was significant in the observation group after applying the sitz bath formula. From the second week, the wound pain in the observation group showed a continuous decreasing trend. In terms of the quantitative comparison of pain, the VAS score of the observation group decreased extremely significantly, and the VAS scores at each stage after treatment were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P < 0.05). After treatment, all pain indicators in both groups decreased, and the improvement degree of pain attack frequency and duration in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (all P < 0.05). After the treatment, the scores of the feeling of heaviness in both groups decreased. The observation group was significantly better than the control group in relieving the feeling of heaviness (all P < 0.05). After the treatment, the WHOQOL - BREF scores of both groups increased, and the increase in the observation group was greater (P < 0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the wound area and granulation tissue growth score indicators in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment, and the improvement amplitude in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (all P < 0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the levels of the above inflammatory factors in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the reduction amplitude in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (all P < 0.05). During the treatment period of the two groups, 2 cases of mild local pruritus occurred in the observation group (3.03%), and 1 case of skin redness after iodophor disinfection occurred in the control group(1.49%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The application of Zhilou Sukang Decoction sitz bath combined with western medicine intervention for patients after mixed hemorrhoids surgery can rapidly relieve wound pain, wound area, granulation tissue growth score, improve the feeling of heaving and inflammatory factor levels, and significantly enhance the wound healing effect, therefore, it is worthy of vigorous clinical promotion.

Objective: To analyze the therapeutic effect and immune mechanism of the Jianpi Yishen Huoxue Tongluo Paste Formula on the stable stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: The clinical data of 83 COPD patients admitted to the outpatient service of Suzhou Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital during January, 2021 to August, 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into control group (n = 40,Western medicine treatment) and observation group (n = 43,Western medicine +Jianpi Yishen Huoxue Tongluo Paste Formula),which were treated for 2 months. The clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, Chinese medicine symptom scores before and after treatment, dyspnea severity [modified British Medical Research Council Respiratory Questionnaire (mMRC)], symptoms [COPD Self - Assessment Test Questionnaire (CAT)], exercise endurance [6 - minute walking distance (6MWD)], and T helper cell 17(Th17)/regulatory T were compared between the two groups Cell (Treg) ratio, and the annual number of attacks 1 year before treatment and 1 year after treatment.Results: The total effective rate of observation group was 95.00%, which was higher than that of control group 76.32% (P <0.05). After treatment, the syndrome score, mMRC score,CAT score, annual number of attacks and Th17/Treg ratio were decreased in both groups, and the 6MWD value was increased, and the change was greater in the observation group compared with the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the control group(13.16%) and the observation group (5.00%) (P >0.05).Conclusion: The Jianpi Yishen Huoxue Tongluo Paste Formula is safer and more effective in the treatment of stable COPD It may exert its effect by affecting the Th17/Treg balance.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of ""Xingshui Tongqi Decoction"" (XTD) in patients with hydrosalpinx - related infertility of dampness - heat and blood stasis syndrome.Methods: A total of 124 patients diagnosed with hydrosalpinx - related infertility (dampness - heat and blood stasis syndrome) and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to January 2024 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into a control group (n = 62, conventional postoperative anti - infection therapy) and an observation group (n =62, XTD combined with conventional therapy). All patients underwent hysteroscopic - laparoscopic surgery, followed by 3 menstrual cycles of treatment. Ovarian function (LH, E₂, FSH, AMH), endometrial receptivity(endometrial thickness, volume, PI, RI), TCM syndrome scores, postoperative complications, pregnancy outcomes, and hydrosalpinx recurrence were assessed during a 1 - year follow - up.Results: Compared with the control group, the observation group showed higher LH, FSH, and AMH levels, lower E₂ and TCM syndrome scores, improved endometrial receptivity, higher intrauterine pregnancy rate (P < 0.05), and lower hydrosalpinx recurrence rate (P < 0.05). No significant difference in safety was observed between groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: XTD combined with hysteroscopic- laparoscopic surgery significantly improves ovarian function, enhances endometrial receptivity, increases intrauterine pregnancy rates, and reduces hydrosalpinx recurrence in patients with hydrosalpinx - related infertility (dampness - heat and blood stasis syndrome) , with a favorable safety profile.

This paper elaborates on the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. It suggests that androgenetic alopecia is fundamentally characterized by deficiency of the internal organs, with dampness, wind, heat, and blood stasis as its secondary manifestations. The discussion covers internal treatment methods such as tonifying the liver and kidney, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, cooling blood and dispelling wind, and nourishing blood and moisturizing dryness, along with external treatments including acupuncture, topical preparations, and massage. The aim is to highlight the unique advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this condition, thereby enhancing clinical efficacy. Therefore, recent literature on TCM treatments for androgenetic alopecia has been reviewed in this paper.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine and metabolic disorder disease and its incidence is increasing year by year. The pathogenesis of this disease has not been clarified, which is also a major challenge in clinical treatment. Cangfu Daotan Decoction, derived from the secret recipe for diagnosis and treatment of Ye Tianshi Nvke Zhenzhi Mifang, is particularly effective in the treatment of PCOS. Studies have found that Cangfu Daotan Decoction exerts therapeutic effects by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase/protein kinase (PI3K/Akt), nuclear transcription factor - κB(NF - κB), adenosine monophosphate - activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK), and transforming growth factor - β1/SMAD family member 3 (TGF - β1/Smad3)signaling pathways. In clinical studies, Cangfu Daotan Decoction alone or modified Cangfu Daotan Decoction or in combination with western medicines or external therapies not only can alleviate the clinical symptoms of PCOS,but also are safe and effective, which are worthy of clinical application. This article systematically summarized the research progress of Cangfu Daotan Decoction by analyzing the mechanisms and clinical studies,in order to provide references for further basic experimental research and evidence to support the promotion of Cangfu Daotan Decoction for the treatment of PCOS in the future.