To investigate the effects of preparation and processing methods on the contents of oil components in Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）and clarify the correlation between oil components with medicinal properties，in order to provide guidance for processing research and clinical application.

The extraction of volatile oil refers to the volatile oil determination method A in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia，and the Soxhlet method was used to extract fatty oil.Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry（GC-MS）was used to identify the oil components and their relative contents.Thermographic analysis was used to clarify the characteristics of the influence of different preparation and processing methods on oil components.Combined with literature review，the correlation of processing，preparation，components and properties was discussed.

The oil components weremainly fatty acids.The order of the extraction rate of fatty oil was fresh Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）>raw Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）>steaming with wine≈stewing with wine>steaming and exposing nine times with Sharen（Amomi Fructus）>steaming without ingredients，and the order of the volatile oil extraction rate was stewing with wine>steaming with wine>steaming and exposing nine times with Sharen（Amomi Fructus）>raw Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）≈steaming without ingredients>fresh Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）.The heatmap analysis of fatty oil and volatile oil showed that Shudihuang（Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata）stewing with wine and that steaming and exposing nine times with Sharen（Amomi Fructus）were clustered one category.

The changes and adjustments of the types and relative contents of oil componentswere important material basis for the differences in medicinal property of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）processed products.Adding wine，Sharen（Amomi Fructus）or increasing steaming and exposing times were helpful in reducing the cold nature of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix），and the greasy nature of Shudihuang（Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata），and enhance thewarming-reinforcing effect.The volatile oil components in different products of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）were the material basis of their“Qiwei”.

To study the effects of Yifei JianpiRecipe（益肺健脾方）on aquaporin 3（AQP3），aquaporin 5（AQP5）and mucin 5AC（MUC5AC）in bronchial and lung tissues of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）model ratswith lung and spleen deficiency syndrome.

Sprague-dawley rats were randomly segmented into blank group，model group，ambroxol group，dexamethasone group and Yifei Jianpi Recipe high，medium and low dose groups.The COPD ratmodel of lung and spleen deficiency was created by fumigation combined with lipopolysaccharide tracheal drip and Senna gavage and the pathologic morphology of bronchopulmonary tissues in rats was observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining and Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff（AB-PAS）staining，and the m RNA expressions of AQP3，AQP5 and MUC5AC in ratbronchopulmonary tissueswere detected by RT-qPCR，and protein expressions of AQP3，AQP5 and MUC5ACwere detected by Western Blot and immunohisto chemistry（IHC）methods，the mRNA expressions of AQP3，AQP5 and MUC5AC in rat bronchopulmonary tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（RT-qPCR），and the protein expressions of AQP3，AQP5 and MUC5AC in rat bronchopulmonary tissues were detected by Western Blotand IHC methods.

Compared with those in the sham group，the bronchopulmonary tissues of rats in themodel group showed different degrees of damage，and HE staining demonstrated that there were tangible inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways of rats，and AB-PASstaining reviewed thata good deal of cupshaped cell hyperplasia could be seen in the bronchial tubes of rats.ThemRNA and protein expressions of AQP3 and AQP5 were significantly decreased and MUC5AC mRNA and protein expressions were clearly increased in the model group（P<0.01）.Compared with those in the modelgroup，the inflammatory pathology damage of the bronchopulmonary tissues and the proliferation of cup cells in the rats of each dose group showed different degrees of improvement，and the m RNA and protein expressions of AQP3 and AQP5 were increased to different degrees.Among them，the Yifei Jianpi Recipe high dose group，the aminoglossum group and the dexamethasone group showed significant and comparable levels of increase（P<0.05）；the MUC5AC mRNA and protein expressions were reduced to different degrees，among which the ambroxol group，the dexamethasone group and the Yifei Jianpi Recipe high dose group showed significant and comparable reductions（P<0.01）.

Yifei Jianpi Recipe can inhibit airway mucus hypersecretion and reduce airway inflammation in COPD model rats with lung and spleen deficiency syndrome，and its mechanism is related to up-regulation of AQP3 and AQP5 and down-regulation of MUC5AC transcription and expression.

To investigate the correlation between different types of refractory peptic ulcer（RPU）and clinical manifestations，and to provide clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of this disease in modern medicine.

A crosssectional study was conducted to retrospectively collect the general data，clinical medical records，tongue and pulse conditions，TCM syndromes and other related factors of130 patients with RPU who were hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of Zhengzhou People's Hospital from January 1，2020 to September30，2023.The collected data was statistically analyzed to explore the relationship between different types of RPU and clinical manifestations.

（1）There was no significant difference between the types of RPU and the distribution of tongue and pulse.（2）In terms of disease location syndrome elements，the mostusual disease location syndrome elements of RPU were heart and stomach（100.00%），the others were spleen（43.08%）and liver（30.00%）；in terms of disease nature syndrome elements，the most usual disease nature syndrome elements were spleen and stomach weakness（cold）syndrome（28.46%），followed by liver-stomach disharmony syndrome（21.54%），blood stasis in stomach collateral syndrome（16.15%），damp-heat in spleen and stomach syndrome（14.62%），stomach Yin deficiency syndrome（10.77%），liver-stomach heat stagnation syndrome（8.46%）.（3）There was no significant difference in hypertension，coronary heart disease and weight among the three groups（P>0.05）.There were significant differences in gender，Helicobacter pylori（Hp）infection，smoking history，diabetes，age，height and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs）（P<0.05）.Oralad ministration of NSAIDs is a risk factor for refractory compound ulcer and refractory duodenalulcer.Coronary heart disease，height and Hp infection are risk factors for refractory gastric ulcer.

The patients with Hp infection have a higher probability of refractory gastric ulcer.The patients with smoking history，diabetes and NSAIDs are more likely to develop refractory duodenal ulcer.Patients with different ages and heights are prone to RPU types.Oral administration of NSAIDs is a risk factor for refractory compound ulcer and refractory duodenal ulcer.Coronary heart disease，height and Hp infection are risk factors for RPU.

To observe the clinical efficacy of Qingre Jiedu Decoction（清热解毒汤）in the treatment of severe psoriasis vulgaris（blood-heat type）and its impacton serum inflammation and immune function in patients.

A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients with psoriasis vulgaris who received treatment at Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital in Dongying City.They were divided into a control group and an observation group in the order of admission，with 50 patients in each group.The control group received conventional Western medicine treatment，while the observation group received oral administration with Qingre Jiedu Decoction for 8 weeks.The total effective rate，traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores，serum inflammation level，immune function and adverse reactions between two groups were compared.

The total effective rate of the observation group（96.00%）was significantly better than that（84.00%）of the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.Before intervention，there was no significant difference in skin lesions and quality of life scores between the two groups（P>0.05）.After8 weeks of intervention，compared with those of the controlgroup，the psoriasis area and severity index（PASI）and dermatology life quality index（DLQI）of the observation group were significantly reduced（P<0.01）.The scores of symptoms such as rash color，burning sensation，itching and irritability in the observation group significantly decreased（P<0.01）.There was no significant difference in serum inflammation or T lymphocyte subsets levels between the two groups before intervention.After 8 weeks of intervention，the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β）and interleukin-6（IL-6）of the observation group were significantly down-regulated compared to those of the control group（P<0.01）.The levels of CD3⁺，CD4⁺and CD4⁺/CD8⁺in the observation group were significantly increased compared to those in the control group，while the levels of CD8⁺were significantly decreased，with statistical significance（P<0.01，P<0.05）.The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group（16.00%）showed no significant difference compared to that（10.00%）in the control group（P>0.05）.

The combination of Qingre Jiedu Decoction（Psoriasis External Wash No.1 Formula）and Avia Capsules can improve the clinical efficacy in patients with severe psoriasis vulgaris，further improve the clinical symptoms，enhance the quality of life and significantly reduce PASI，and the mechanism of action is related to inhibiting the body's inflammatory response and regulating immune function.

To investigate the effects of vinegar-procssed Chaihu（Radix Bupleuri）and its differentextraction parts on the uptake of cisplatin（DDP）by cells with high expression of organic cation transporter 2（OCT）（hOCT2-HEK293）and cells with high expression ofmultidrug resistance associated protein 2（MRP2）（hMRP2-HEK293）and to preliminarily explore their mechanisms so as to provide data support for the exploration of the mechanism of using vinegar-procssed Chaihu（Radix Bupleuri）to assist in reversing DDPmultidrug resistance in tumor cells in clinical practice.

The hOCT2-HEK293 and hMRP2-HEK293 cells were co-incubated with vinegar-procssed Chaihu（Radix Bupleuri）and its different parts for 24 hours，and then DDP was added to continue incubation for 4 hours.The intracellular DDP content of the two types of cells was measured by HPLC.Western Blot and real-time quantitative PCR（RT-PCR）were used tomeasure the protein and gene expressions of OCT2 and MRP2 in two types of cells，respectively.

In hOCT2-HEK293 cells，the total extract，polysaccharide fraction and small molecule water-soluble fraction of vinegar-procssed Chaihu（Radix Bupleuri）can significantly promote the uptake of DDP，and all promote the protein and gene expressions of OCT2.In hMRP2-HEK293 cells，the total extract，polysaccharide fraction and small molecule water-soluble fraction of vinegar-procssed Chaihu（Radix Bupleuri）also significantly promoted the uptake of DDP，but only the total extract could significantly reduce the expression of MRP2 protein.

In tumor cells，the reversal of multidrug resistance to anti-tumor drugs by vinegar-procssed Chaihu（Radix Bupleuri）may be related to the up-regulation of OCT2 protein and mRNA expressions in polysaccharide and small molecule water-soluble sites，or the down-regulation ofMRP2 protein expression in vinegar-procssed Chaihu（Radix Bupleuri）total extract.Preliminary speculation suggests that affecting the functions of OCT2 and MRP2 is one of the mechanisms by which vinegar-procssed Chaihu（Radix Bupleuri）enhances the meridian stimulation.

This study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of Huanglian Wendan Decoction（黄连温胆汤）combined with acupoint application in the treatment of patients with dampness-heat of spleen and stomach type of functional dyspepsia（FD）and its impacton patients'quality of life and psychological well-being.

This study selected patients diagnosed as dampness-heat of spleen and stomach type of functional dyspepsia（FD）and treated at the hospital from October2021 to October 2023 as the research subjects，totaling 116 cases.According to the random number table method，they were divided into a control group（53 cases）and an experimental group（53 cases）.The patients in the control group received oral treatment with Mosapride Citrate Tablets，while those in the experimental group were treated with Huanglian Wendan Decoction combined with acupoint application on the basis of Mosapride Citrate Tablets.The efficacy of treatments and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）syndrome scores were assessed and compared between the two groups.The levels of serum motilin（MTL），gastrin（GAS）and ghrelin before and after treatment were statistically compared.The Beck Depression Inventory（BDI），Beck Anxiety Inventory（BAI），Nipine Digestive Dysplasia Life Index Scale（NDLQL）and Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey Short Form-36 Item（SF-36）were used to evaluate the patients'quality of life and psychological state.Adverse reactions to the treatments in both groups were also recorded.

After treatment，the NDSI scores and TCM syndrome scores for primary and secondary symptoms in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group.Post-treatment levels of MTL and GAS decreased while ghrelin levels increased in both groups，with the experimental group showing lower levels ofMTL and GASand higher levels of ghrelin compared to the control group.The SF-36 scores for physical functioning（PF），role-physical（RP），bodily pain（BP），vitality（VT）and social functioning（SF）increased after treatment in both groups，with higher increases observed in the experimental group.The BDIand BAIscores decreased in both groups post-treatment，with the experimental group showing lower scores than the control group.The scores in all four domains of the NDLQI and the total scores increased after treatment in both groups，with the experimental group showing higher scores than the control group（P<0.05）.Compared to the control group，the experimental group had a significantly higher number of safety cases（P<0.05）.

Huanglian Wendan Decoction combined with acupoint application is an effective treatment for dampness-heat of spleen and stomach type of FD，and its further clinical application is warranted.

To establish amethod for identifying Shicangpu（Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma）（ATR）from common counterfeits by ultra performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）technology，and to provide reference for quality evaluation and control of ATR.

Waters CORTECST3 column（2.1 mm×150 mm，1.6μm）was used.Methanol：acetonitrile 1：1（A）-water（B）solution was used as mobile phase and gradientelution was performed.The flow ratewas0.2mL/min.The column temperature was40℃.The detection wavelength was275 nm and the sample volume was3μL.The UPLC characteristic map was established to identify ATR from common counterfeits.

The UPLC characteristic map identified 4 common peaks of ATR and identified 1 of them.The similarity among samples was 0.892～0.996.

The established method of characteristic map is simple，reliable，accurate and repeatable，which can identify the authenticity of ATR directly，provide a specific method for the quality control and authenticity identification of ATR，and effectively improve the drug safety of related products.