Bronchial asthma is one of the major chronic diseases that seriously threaten human health worldwide. Modern research has shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique prevention and treatment advantages in this respect. According to TCM theory, the core pathogenesis of this disease lies in the deficiency of lung Qi and the imbalance of its ascending and descending functions, manifesting as symptoms such as coughing, wheezing and asthma during acute episodes, with lingering symptoms during the chronic persistent and clinical remission phases. Based on the TCM theory of “five Zang-organs and their desires and needs for tonification and purgation”, which states that “the lung desires to contract, and should be nourished promptly with sour flavors to achieve contraction, supplemented with sour flavors drugs, and purged with pungent flavors drugs”, this article explored the key to preventing and treating bronchial asthma as lying in the convergence of essential substances in the lung and the dispersion of latent pathogens within it. Depending on the different stages of disease progression and the relationship between deficiency and excess, the therapeutic methods such as dispersing with pungent drugs and converging with sour drugs, purging with pungent and contracting with sour drugs, and supplementing with sour and dispersing with pungent drugs are employed to effectively converge lung essence, reduce airway sensitivity, and provide insights and references for the clinical prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma.

The theory of mutual generation of metal and water originated from the theory of five elements in the Spring and Autumn Period. After continuous development, it has been gradually improved and matured. Its core content is as follows. Lung and kidney are interconnected in both physiological and pathological aspects, with the former nourishing the latter and vice versa. Their linked meridians form the foundation of their mutual interaction, giving rise to the therapeutic principle of “tonifying the mother organ when deficiency occurs, and purging the child organ when excess arises”. Professor DING Ying, a master of traditional Chinese medicine, combined with the theory of mutual generation of metal and water, believes that the pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis can be divided into three aspects: “lung-defense being attacked and pathogenic heat restraining metal gold”, “metal disease transmitting water and kidney collaterals blocked by blood stasis”, “lung and kidney both deficient and metal deficiency causing water exhaustion”. The three methods of clearing, dredging and tonifying are the general principles. In clinical practice, IgA vasculitis is treated with the methods of “guarding against external pathogens, clearing metal and retaining water”, “removing blood stasis and dredging collaterals, treating excess with purging the child organ”, “seeking water in metal, and tonifying the mother organ for treating the deficiency”. The clinical effect is quite good. A case study was attached to the article for the benefit of fellow practitioners.

The hip joint is the most commonly involved peripheral joint of ankylosing spondylitis, and Professor YAN Xiaoping, a famous traditional Chinese medicine practitioner in China, believes that the fundamental pathogenesis of its occurrence is deficiency of kidney and Yangqi, and the deep invasion of wind, cold and dampness and other evils into the pulse, which is often accompanied by dysfunction of liver and spleen, resulting in dampness, phlegm accumulation, turbidity and blood stasis staying in the body, blocking the liver and gallbladder meridians, and flowing into the joints. The author was fortunate to follow Master YAN and thanks to Master YAN's teachings, he summed up the pathogenesis and treatment ideas of ankylosing spondylitis complicated with hip joint involvement based on the theory of “dampness-phlegm-turbidity-stasis”, in which dampness, phlegm accumulation, turbidity and blood stasis were the main pathological products and pathogenic factors. Therefore, Master YAN proposed to warm and replenish spleen and kidney Yangqi, dispel dampness, eliminate phlegm and turbidity, and promote Qi and blood as the treatment method. In addition, dampness, phlegm, turbidity and blood stasis are all Yin evils, the treatment is warming Yang of kidney and spleen without damaging Yin of spleen and kidney, emphasizes the combination of movement and stillness, harmonizes Yin and Yang and regulates cold and heat, and strives to provide ideas for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and hip joint involvement in traditional Chinese medicine.

Heart failure is a syndrome in which the cardiac pumping function is impaired due to various reasons, and the cardiac output can not meet the basic metabolic needs of the whole body, mainly manifested as dyspnea, limited activity, liquid storage, etc. Heart failure is included in the category of “heart water”, “palpitation” and “edema” in traditional Chinese medicine. Huangqi (Astragali Radix) and its drug pairs have significant curative effect in the treatment of heart failure. This paper studied the theoretical basis and pharmacological effects of Huangqi (Astragali Radix) and its drug pairs in the treatment of heart failure, in order to provide reference for the research of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of heart failure and further play its clinical application value, provide scientific guidance and theoretical basis for the combination of clinical drugs in the treatment of heart failure, and provide new schemes and new thinking for the clinical use of drugs.

As a common female disease, breast disease seriously affects women's physical and psychological health, and the incidence rate is on the rise. Current Western medicine treatments face issues such as drug resistance, hormonal imbalances and recurrence. Traditional Chinese medicine, on the other hand, possesses unique advantages in regulating the body's overall balance and multi-target combined intervention, with relatively fewer adverse effects. As an orchid plant with cool nature, Shancigu (Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus) is sweet and slightly pungent, attributed to the liver and spleen meridians and has the functions of clearing heat and reliving toxin, dissipating mass and eliminating swelling. As early as in Compendium of Materia Medica, it was recorded that “Shancigu (Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus) mainly treats carbuncles, abscesses, fistulas and tuberculosis”. Therefore, it is widely used in the traditional Chinese medical treatment of breast diseases. This paper summarized and analyzed the clinical application and mechanism of action of Shancigu (Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus) in the treatment of mastitis, mammary gland hyperplasia and breast cancer, and further proposed the hypothesis of “inflammation-proliferation-carcinoma” tertiary prevention and control system of Shancigu (Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus) in order to provide new ideas and theoretical support for future research, so as to better utilize the value of Shancigu (Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus) in the application of mammary gland diseases.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract with high incidence and mortality, and the existing treatment methods can prolong the survival of the patients to a certain extent, but it faces challenges such as high recurrence rate, strong drug resistance and serious adverse reactions, which cannot fully meet the overall needs of patients. Banxia Xiexin Decoction (半夏泻心汤) created by the medical saint ZHANG Zhongjing is a classic prescription for the treatment of cold and heat syndrome, and is often used for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer in modern clinical practice. A large number of studies have found that Banxia Xiexin Decoction can treat precancerous lesions in the early stage, by inhibiting inflammatory response, regulating a variety of signaling pathways, improving intestinal flora dysbiosis, effectively treating ulcerative colitis and colorectal adenoma, blocking the process of precancerous lesion transformation, and reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer. In the medium term, it can be combined with chemotherapy to reduce the adverse reactions of delayed diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy and oral ulcers caused by chemotherapy, alleviate intestinal injury, improve bone marrow hematopoietic function and relieve pain caused by chemotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy can be carried out smoothly to improve the overall efficacy. In the later stage, it can inhibit recurrence and metastasis, promote colorectal cancer cell apoptosis by regulating protein expression, and induce ferroptosis to inhibit cell proliferation and migration through multiple pathways, thereby reducing the rate of colorectal cancer metastasis and recurrence, and is widely used in the whole treatment of the disease. This article reviewed the relevant research progress on the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer using Banxia Xiexin Decoction through literature retrieval, including theoretical foundations, pharmacological basis and various aspects of prevention and treatment applications. It also addressed the shortcomings and improvement measures of current research, aiming to provide new ideas for the development of new drugs and clinical applications for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer in the future.