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Clarifying Origin of Yangchangzao（Indian Houzao）（Rhesus Macaque Bezoar）in Market
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Zhongzhen ZHAO1, 2, Eric Brand2, Yiping HUAN2
Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine | 2025, 43(8) : 6 - 8
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Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine | 2025, 43(8): 6-8
• New Opinion of Ph.D. Supervisor •
Clarifying Origin of Yangchangzao（Indian Houzao）（Rhesus Macaque Bezoar）in Market
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Zhongzhen ZHAO1, 2, Eric Brand2, Yiping HUAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Chinese Medicine，Hong Kong Baptist University，Hong Kong 999077，China
  • 2.Institute of Compendium of Materia Medica，Beijing University of Chinese Medicine，Beijing 100029，China
Published: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.08.002
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Houzao（Rhesus Macaque Bezoar）is a famous and valuable imported Chinese drug.However，due to a lack of firsthand information，the true origin of commercially available Houzao（Rhesus Macaque Bezoar）has remained the subject of speculation and assumption.To clarify its origins，the author traveled to south-central India for field research after establishing a foundation based on market investigation.The source of commercially available Houzao（Rhesus Macaque Bezoar）was confirmed firsthand via dissection.However，the results of the investigation demonstrated that Houzao（Rhesus Macaque Bezoar）material（also called Yangchangzao）is not derived from monkeys，but is instead derived from Indian goats（Capra aegagrus hircus Linnaeus）.The bezoars are formed in the cecum.Both sexes of goats can produce “Yangchangzao”.The bezoars are formed around seeds of Arabic Jinhehuan［Acacia nilotica（L.）Willd.ex Delile］.It is thus recommended that the commercial Chinese name of Houzao（Rhesus Macaque Bezoar）should be changed to Yangchangzao，with an alternate name of “Indian Houzao”.

Houzao（Rhesus Macaque Bezoar）  /  Yangchangzao  /  Indian goat  /  Arabic Jinhehuan［Acacia nilotica（L.）Willd.ex Delile］  /  bezoars in cecum
赵中振, Eric Brand, 浣一平. 羊肠枣（印度猴枣）的正名研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (8) : 6 -8 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.08.002
Zhongzhen ZHAO, Eric Brand, Yiping HUAN. Clarifying Origin of Yangchangzao（Indian Houzao）（Rhesus Macaque Bezoar）in Market[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (8) : 6 -8 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.08.002
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Year 2025 volume 43 Issue 8
35
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.08.002
  • Online Date：2026-10-30
  • Published：2025-08-10
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Affiliations
    1.School of Chinese Medicine，Hong Kong Baptist University，Hong Kong 999077，China
    2.Institute of Compendium of Materia Medica，Beijing University of Chinese Medicine，Beijing 100029，China
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zhzyyxk/EN/10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.08.002
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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