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Outline
The term“Stomach Preponderance and Spleen Weakness”was initially used to explain the pathological mechanism of“spleen constipation syndrome”in which the spleen＇s inability to properly transport body fluids leads to abnormal fluid distribution，resulting in insufficient fluid supply to the intestines and causing constipation. Over time，this concept evolved to describe a broader state of impaired Qi dynamics，where spleen deficiency disrupts the proper transportation and transformation of fluids. This leads to fluid accumulation in the stomach，stagnation，and subsequent heat generation due to fluid retention. The pattern of“Stomach Preponderance and Spleen Weakness”is linked to dysfunction in the spleen and stomach in three key areas：transport and absorption，the regulation of ascending and descending，and the balance of moistening and drying. These dysfunctions form an important pathological basis for the onset of gastrointestinal and various visceral diseases. Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common non-motor symptom（NMS）in Parkinson＇s disease（PD），manifesting in both the prodromal and disease stages. Key symptoms include difficulty swallowing，excessive salivation，delayed gastric emptying，bloating，and constipation. Gastrointestinal dysfunction is an important pathological factor in the development of PD，and its mechanisms are related to disturbances in the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites，damage to the intestinal barrier，inflammatory responses，and the aggregation ofα-synuclein（α-syn）in both the intestines and the central nervous system（CNS）. Excessive dietary intake or a deficiency in spleen Qi can lead to food stagnation in the stomach，preventing timely discharge and triggering pathological changes such as dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and activation of inflammatory responses. The failure of the stomach＇s descending function and obstruction can lead to the stagnation of heart and lung Qi in the upper body，while the spleen＇s weakened ability to lift results in dysfunction of liver and kidney essence. This may delay intestinal transit，increase intestinal permeability，and promote the translocation of pathogen metabolites，along with other pathological changes. Dampness in the spleen or excessive dryness in the stomach can damage the intestinal barrier，resulting in inflammation andα-syn accumulation.“Stomach Preponderance and Spleen Weakness”is closely associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in PD. Exploring the relationship between these concepts can deepen the understanding of PD from a Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）perspective and offer new insights for clinical differentiation and treatment strategies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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