Full
Outline
To explore the effects of Qiju Dihuang Pills（杞菊地黄丸）on inflammatory responses inmice with diabetic retinopathy based on the rapid accelerated fibrosarcoma（Raf）/mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase（MEKERK）signaling pathway.
Fifty male C57BL/6Jmice were randomly divided into the normal group，the model group，the Qiju Dihuang Pills low-dose，middle-dose and high-dose groups. The modelwas established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（STZ）. After 12 weeks of modeling，the normal group and themodel group were given saline by gavage once a day，and the Qiju Dihuang Pills Groupswere given the corresponding dose ofQiju Dihuang Pillsmedicinal solution（11 g·kg-1，22 g·kg-1 and 44 g·kg-1）once a day for 8 consecutive weeks. The changes in blood glucose，water intake，urine output，food intake and bodymass were measured monthly. The imaging tests［fundus angiofluorescence（FFA），optical coherence tomography angiography（OCTA）and optical coherence tomography（OCT）］were performed to assess the retinopathy. HE staining was used to assess retinal histopathological changes and immunofluorescence（IF）to detect the expressions of interleukin-6（IL-6），interleukin-17（IL-17）and tumor necrosis factorα（TNF-α）. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-6，IL-17 and TNF-αin peripheral blood. Western Blotwas used to detect the expressions of Raf，p-Raf，MEK，p-MEK，ERK and p-ERK in retinal tissues.
Compared with those of the normalgroup，the mice in the model group had high blood sugar at random，obvious symptoms of polydipsia，polyuria，polyphagia and weight loss；the thicknesswas significantly thinner. The expressions of IL-6，IL-17，TNF-α，p-Raf，p-MEK and p-ERK were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group，themice in the Qiju Dihuang Pills groups had high random blood sugar，and the symptoms of polydipsia，polyuria，polyphagia and weight loss were significantly improved. The blood vessel density was low，the diameter of the vessel was thickened，and the degree of tortuosity was significantly reduced. The structure was loose，and the overall thickness was significantly reduced. The expressions of IL-6，IL-17，TNF-α，p-Raf，p-MEK and p-ERK were significantly reduced（P<0.01）.
Qiju Dihuang Pills can effectively protect the retina and delay the progression of diabetic retinopathy，which may be related to its regulation of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and its anti-inflammatory effect.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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