Jiang(Zingiber officinale Rosc.)is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Zingiberaceae family. Jiang is medicinal with its rhizome and is a long-established medicinal and food homologous Chinese medicine. The main active components include volatile oils, gingerols and diaryl heptanes, which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. In clinical practice, Jiang is often combined with other drugs to enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity, and it is used to treat various systemic diseases. This paper summarized the historical evolution, chemical components, pharmacological effects, effect-enhancing and toxic-reducing compatibility mechanism, in order to provide the reasonable basis for the later development and utilization of Jiang.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |