Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma)contains various chemical components such as alkaloids, organic acids, volatile oils, amino acids and sterols. Traditionally, it is known for its effects of drying dampness and resolving phlegm, descending counterflow to stop vomiting, and dispersing masses and nodules. Modern research has revealed that Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma)also possesses pharmacological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiepileptic effects. However, it is associated with adverse reactions such as mucosal irritation, hepatorenal toxicity and embryotoxicity. Due to its “toxic”nature, Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma)must be processed before oral administration. This article systematically reviewed the chemical composition, pharmacological effects and toxicity of Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma). Furthermore, it introduced the core concept of the quality marker(Q-marker)of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on this, potential Q-markers of Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma)were predicted and analyzed from multiple perspectives, including plant phylogeny and chemical specificity, traditional medicinal properties, chemical transformations during processing, component measurability and compositional expression in compatibility environments. The aim was to provide a theoretical foundation for establishing a scientific and comprehensive quality standard for Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma).
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |