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Outline
Osteoporosis（OP）is a kind of systemic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and degeneration of bone microstructure, and its incidence is increasing with the increase of population aging. Because of the limitations of the current treatment methods, the search for safer and more effective treatment strategies has become a research hotspot. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs）play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, and their abnormal function is closely related to the occurrence of osteoporosis. Icariin（ICA）, as a commonly used Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney and strengthening bone, has the potential to regulate BMSCs. In this review, ICA regulates the mechanism of BMSCs in the treatment of osteoporosis. ICA can promote the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts, inhibit their differentiation into adipocytes, and improve their migration and homing ability through various ways, thus promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. The mechanism of ICA involves a variety of signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, BMP-2/RunX2/OSX, PPARγ, etc. By regulating these signaling pathways, ICA can affect the gene expressions of BMSCs, and thus affect bone metabolic balance. In addition, ICA also has the effects of promoting osteoblast proliferation, inhibiting osteoclast function and anti-inflammation, which together exert the effect of anti-osteoporosis, and is expected to become a new choice for treating OP.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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