Full
Outline
In traditional Chinese medicine, the relationship between the liver and the eyes in the theory of visceral manifestations is one of the important cornerstones of the theory of visceral manifestations, which profoundly reveals the physiological and pathological associations between the liver and the eyes. This paper systematically reviewed the theoretical origin, modern research and clinical application value of this theory. The statement that “the liver governs the eyes” was first recorded in Plain Questions·Treatise on Correspondence Between Yin-Yang and Manifestations ofthe Cosmos. Its physiological basis lies in “the liver opening into the eyes”, “the liver meridian connected to the eye system”, “the liver storing blood to nourish the eyes”, “the smooth flow of liver Qi reaching the eyes” and “the liver being Yin and soft to moisten the eyes”. Modern research has confirmed and expanded its connotation from multiple perspectives: with the “liver-eye biological axis” as the core framework, the liver maintaining the structural and functional homeostasis of the eyeball by regulating the metabolism of key substances such as vitamin A, lipids and sugars, affecting the intraocular pressure, tear secretion, etc. through the neuro-endocrine pathway. In terms of clinical application, the prescriptions based on the principles of soothing liver and strengthening spleen and clearing liver fire have shown significant efficacy in treating eye diseases such as optic atrophy, dry eye syndrome and keratitis. In addition, the external therapies for the eyes, such as acupuncture at the liver meridian acupoints Xingjian (LR2) and Taichong (LR3), have also achieved good results. There are still limitations in current research. For example, the specific neural pathway of the liver meridian-eye system has not been clarified, and the specific molecular pathway by which the abnormal dispersion of liver Qi affects the normal physiological functions of the eyes still needs to be explored. Future research needs to comprehensively and deeply explore the biological mechanism of “the liver governing the eyes” and construct a scientific knowledge system that combines traditional Chinese medicine theory with modern medicine to promote the modern transformation of this classic theory.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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