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Pharmacotoxicological and pharmacodynamic studies on Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and its different concoctions.
The acute toxicity test was conducted in C57BL/J mice to determine the LD50of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and different concoctions to determine the safe dose range, and at the same time, the toxicity effects were evaluated from various perspectives, such as general physiological state, blood biochemical indexes and histomorphological changes of important organs. The rat model of foot and metatarsal inflammation induced by the injection of carrageenan gum was prepared, and its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were compared with those of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and different concoctions. It measured the mechanical pain threshold, plantar swelling and the serum levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to compare the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
The LD50value of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) was increased after concoction, and the safety window became larger. The results of blood biochemical indices showed that after the administration of different concoctions of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix), the liver enzyme indices [the levels of alanine ami notransferase (ALT), glutathione aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CKMB) and total protein (TP)] in the blood of mice were elevated. Compared with that of the raw Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) group, the toxicity was reduced in the low dose Hezi (Chebulae Fructus)-processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) group and processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia group, but the toxicity was still present in the high dose group. The toxic effects of different concoctions of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) on the lungs, kidneys, heart, testes and ovaries were obvious. Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and its concoctions significantly increased the mechanical pain threshold and decreased the degree of foot swelling induced by carrageenan as well as the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α when compared with the carrageenan model group.
The processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) was verified through acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory analgesic efficacy experiments, confirming the theory that processing reduces the toxicity while preserving the efficacy. The results effectively mitigated the toxicity of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and significantly improved the carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling inflammation model. The processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) achieved the desired effect of reducing the toxicity while preserving the efficacy.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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