Macroscopic syndrome differentiation is the foundation of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment system. Through the four diagnostic methods of observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry and palpation, it integrates and analyzes the overall state of the patient and the characteristics of the disease, “understanding the interior from the exterior” and “diagnosing the interior from the exterior”, thus forming an overall understanding of the pathogenesis. Microscopic syndrome differentiation, by detecting microscopic indicators such as the tissue, cell, molecular and genetic levels of the patients, revealed the deep mechanism and material basis of syndromes. It is a supplement to macroscopic syndrome differentiation and also an important direction for the precision of traditional Chinese medicine. This paper reviewed the current research status of the objectification of TCM syndromes from the perspectives of macro and micro syndrome differentiation respectively. It proposed to establish a “macro-micro” feature correlation model through machine learning, systematically drew the knowledge graph of TCM “syndromes” and on this basis, sequentially collected disease characteristic information, accurately grasped the changes and development trends of syndromes and form clinical sequential diagnosis and treatment auxiliary decision-making. It is an effective path for traditional Chinese medicine to move towards precision medicine.