The incidence of osteoporosis continues to climb under the dual influence of the rising proportion of the elderly population and the unregulated use of hormone drugs in China. As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae) is well known for its ability to nourish liver and kidney, and strengthen the muscles and bones. Clinicians have widely used Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae) in the treatment of osteoporosis, mainly due to its key active ingredients such as saponins, phenols and sterols. These components can effectively regulate the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts, influence the process of bone metabolism, optimise the internal environment of bones, and play a key role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by influencing the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the cytokine signaling pathway related to bone metabolism, and the estrogen signaling pathway. In this paper, it provided an overview of the latest research progress of Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae) and its active ingredients in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, aiming to provide new research directions for Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of this disease.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |