Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) is the commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients include polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids and organic acid. Pharmacological studies show that Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, gastrointestinal protective and antiviral effects. In the article, the immunomodulatory effects of Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) and its main active components were summarized and it reveals that Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) and its main active components can alleviate the inflammatory reaction and maintain the stability of the immune system by acting on the spleen, thymus, T and B lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages. The mechanism of action may be reducing the expressions of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) -2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1 βand nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory factors. Vitro experiments have shown that Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) and its extracts can improve oxidative stress and have target organ protective effects. In addition, Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) also has good immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, which are caused by Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance. This paper systematically summarized the main components of Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) with immunomodulatory effects and its action mechanism in immune regulation in order to provide basis for clinical application and further scientific research.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |