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The Dendrobium polysaccharide（DP）is one of the main functional components of Shihu（Dendrobium dendrobium）, which has become a hot spot in current research because of its wide range of biological activities. This paper systematically expounded the research progress of the extraction, isolation and purification, content determination, structure identification and antitumor activity of DP at home and abroad in the past 10 years, analyzed the shortcomings in the current research of DP. For example, although DP are diverse, the extraction rate is affected by various factors, and the different extraction methods have an impact on the structure and activity of DP. The extraction, isolation and purification methods have not been standardized. In the stage of monosaccharides and molecular weight measurement, the relationship between the structure is not clear enough. At the same time, DP, especially small molecule DP, polysaccharide fragments in small molecules, inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells, promotes tumor cell apoptosis, autophagy, anti-metastasis and anti-invasion. And it looked forward to the future research directions of DP, established the quality standards for the extraction, isolation and purification of DP, further accurately identifed the structure of DP, promoted the research on advanced structures, applied the emerging omics technologies to study the relationship between the structure of DP and anti-tumor activity, and revealed its anti-tumor mechanism in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development and reasonable application of DP.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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