Full
Outline
In order to explore the correlation between the traits，physical and chemical characteristics，phase composition and element content of Longgu（Os Draconis），a multi-dimensional scientific evaluation system of Longgu（Os Draconis）quality based on the theory of“differentiation of symptoms and quality”was established.
By consulting the records of the quality evaluation characteristics of Longgu（Os Draconis）in the past dynasties and modern literature，the key points of quality evaluation were sorted out and summarized. In addition，36 batches of Longgu（Os Draconis）samples were collected，and the preliminary identification was carried out by the character identification method. The phase composition was analyzed by XRD technology，and the physical and chemical indexes related to the character identification were detected，including moisture absorption rate，color difference and fluorescence. At the same time，ICP-OES technology was used to detect the contents of elements，and the correlation between the characteristics of Longgu（Os Draconis）traits and internal quality was studied by statistical analysis and metrology. The prediction model of“trait index-component content”was established.
The texture，appearance characteristics，color，hygroscopicity and fluorescence of Longgu（Os Draconis）could be used as the indicators for the authenticity identification and quality of Longgu（Os Draconis）. The contents of Ca and P in Longgu（Os Draconis）were higher，followed by the contents of Mg，Fe and Al. Phase analysis showed that Longgu（Os Draconis）mainly contained fluorapatite and calcite. The color difference brightness was positively correlated with Ca and P，and the hygroscopicity was positively correlated with P and Sr. The ratio of Ca and P in the genuine product was greater than 2∶1，and the content of fluorapatite was more than 30.0%，with Ca≥30.00%，P≥7.00%，L value≥35.00 and moisture absorption rate≥1.00%.
The prediction model of“trait index-component content”established in this study was tested to be close to the actual value，and the model prediction effect was excellent. Based on the traditional theory of“differentiation of symptoms and nature”，the quality of Longgu（Os Draconis）can be accurately predicted，which provides a scientific basis for the improvement of the quality standard of Longgu（Os Draconis）.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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