Full
Outline
To review the toxic components and their mechanisms of action in tobacco products and smoke，in order to better carry out the research on the diseases caused by tobacco toxin.
The literature on cell culture，animal models and human exposure to tobacco toxicity was reviewed，compared and analyzed，and their literature was summarized and reviewed.
Tobacco smoke contains a variety of toxic components，including nicotine，carbon monoxide，amines，phenols，alkanes，aldehydes，polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，nitrogen oxides and heavy metals，and has a significant promoting effect on a variety of cancers，including lung cancer，pancreatic cancer，ovarian cancer，bladder cancer，cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.In addition，the mechanisms of action of diseases caused by tobacco toxicity are diverse，mainly involving increasing the level of oxidative stress，promoting the production of DNA adducts，inducing chemokines，and affecting various pathways mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor（nAChR）.
The tobacco epidemic is one of the greatest public health threats that the world is facing to date，killing many people each year.Tobacco toxicity in the etiology of traditional Chinese medicine，that is，the smoke produced by the combustion of tobacco inhaled by the human body，is a kind of toxin that has the characteristics of dry heat.At present，there is a wide range of research on carcinogens in tobacco toxin.However，there are relatively few studies on the diseases caused by exposure to tobacco toxins from multiple systems in the human body.Therefore，the carcinogenic components of tobacco toxicity should be clarified，and its mechanism of action should be explored，in order to expand the scope of etiological research in traditional Chinese medicine.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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