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Outline
Myasthenia gravis（MG）is an autoimmune disease characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness and abnormal fatigue，which can last for many years in one group of muscles（usually eye muscles，called ocular myasthenia）or spread to other skeletal muscles（generalized myasthenia gravis），resulting in fluctuating dysarthria，dysphagia，chewing difficulty and breathing difficulty.In recent years，the overall incidence and prevalence of this disease are rising，especially among the middle-aged and the elderly，seriously affecting the daily life and normal work of the patients.At present，steroid hormone drugs，immunosuppressive drugs，anticholinesterase drugs，monoclonal antibodies and other symptomatic drugs have limited long-term efficacy and obvious adverse reactions.Huangqi（Astragali Radix）is one of the commonly used and effective traditional Chinese drugs for treating MG.The effective components of Huangqi（Astragali Radix）for treating MGare mainly polysaccharides，flavonoids and saponins，including astragalosideⅣ，total flavonoids，quercetin and astragalus polysaccharides.They mainly induce lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation，enhance macrophage activity，regulate the expressions of cytokines such as interferon-γ（IFN-γ），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）and nitric oxide（NO），and regulate T lymphocytes by exerting their biological activities such as enhancing immunity，anti-fatigue and anti-inflammation.In this paper，the mechanism of Huangqi（Astragali Radix）and its effective components in the treatment of MGwas reviewed，in order to provide ideas and theoretical basis for the development and treatment of new drugs for MG.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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